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Pig Breeding in Taiwan
Chein Tai
Taiwan Livestock Research Institute
Swine industry is one of the most
important agricultural productions in Taiwan. The economic value of annual swine
production shares about 20% of total value of agricultural products. Many
efforts are involved in this fact, and the contribution from pig breeding is the
most significant one. In view of the improvement of pig breeds in Taiwan, the
native pigs were the major breeds before 1950, then the Berkshire was introduced
into the blood of Taiwan pig breeds. Following the Berkshire, the Yorkshire,
Landrace and Duroc were imported during 1963 to 1972. After many years of
research and practice of Taiwan Sugar Corporation and Taiwan Livestock Research
Institute {TLRI), the 3-way hybrids of Landrace x Yorkshire x Duroc become the
major meat hogs in market. A basic construction of swine industry is thereby
formed (Chyr, 1987). A swine breeding and supplying system was started in 1980
(Fig. 1). The test for breeding stocks includes central test, on-farm test,
national nucleus herds, swine breed registration, LY gilt test, LYD hog test and
the evaluation of private breeding farms. These programs are conducted or
supervised by TLRI, Pig Research Institute, Animal Production Laboratory of
National Taiwan University, Swine Production Association, and the Agricultural
and Forestry Department of Provincial Government. This network forms the basic
system of swine breeding and supply. Several committees of breeding association
were organized by swine breeders, including the Breeding Pig Improvement
Committee, LY Gilts Breeders' Club, and Breeding Pig Registration Committee.
These committees are responsible for the communication with different institutes
aforementioned for the participation of test programs. This system makes the
pork industry of Taiwan internationalized. Moreover, an extension work of
artificial insemination in pigs has been started since 1976 in TLRI, which was
financially supported by the Taiwan Grains and Feeds Development Foundation.
This extension service network supplied the semen from boars with high index in
the central test, and made the prevalence of Al technique as well as the
utilization of good gene resources. More than 540,000 doses of boar semen have
been extended through this AI program during 1976 to 1989, and an average of 80%
fertilization rate was obtained (Hsu, 1989). This accomplishment is favorable
for the improvement of pig breeding.
Due to the rapid progress in
economy, the structure of swine production as well as other industries in Taiwan
is in a transition period now. The stronger sense of environmental protection
ever than before has brought a hard time for the swine industry. Fortunately, an
efficient system for animal waste treatment has been developed by TLRI, and the
animal waste pollution problem is improved significantly from the cooperative
efforts of agriculturai departments and pig farmers, although more work is still
needed to be done. On the other hand, Taiwan will soon become a member of CATT,
thus there will be a tremendous pressure for industry from the free importation
of meat products. Therefore, the pig farmers are looking for a substantial
approach to face free market in coming years. It is consistently accepted that
selection on breeding stocks is one of the most potential aspects in the future
swine production. The swine breeding and supply system has been carried out for
more than ten years and achieved certain goals. Some results obtained from that
system will be presented by three scholars in this conference (Sung, 1993; Tsou,
1993; and Chang et. al., 1993). Thus the supply of breeding stocks to farmers
from TLRI is not important any more Instead, the private breeding farms are well
developed and supply most of the breeding pigs to local farmers. July lst this
year in order to integrate all the functions of different committees. Therefore,
to join international animal breeding scholars, animal production officials, and
specialists from industry of this country in this conference provides an
important opportunity for us to share the ideas for constructing breeding
strategy of pigs for the future.
References
Chang, H. L., Z. C. Kao, Y. H. Huang,
and C. Tai. 1993. Breeding progress of national swine nucleus herds in Taiwan.
in " Pork Industry Conference on Breeding Strategies", Taiwan Livestock Research
Institute, pp. F35 – F55.
Chyr, S. C.,1987. Pig breeding and
development in Taiwan. The
Proceedings of Pig Breeding and Development in Asia.
April 26 - May 3, 1987, ASPAC FFTC,
pp.C1-45.
Hsu, T. T. 1989. The development of
pig artificial insemination in Taiwan. The seminars on the projects supported by
Taiwan Grains and Feeds Development Foundation, Taiwan Sugar Corporation.
Sung, Y. Y. 1993.
Pure breed registration of swine in
Taiwan. in "Pork Industry Conference on Breeding Strategies", Taiwan Livestock
Research Institute. pp. F5 – Fl2.
Tsou,
H L., 1993. The Taiwan pig performance on - farm testing program: Current status
and future development. in "POrk Industry Conference on Breeding Strategies”,
Taiwan Livestock Research Institute. pp.
F13 -
F34.
Fig 1. Swine Breeding and Supplying System
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