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第四十六卷(2017)
生長檢定豬與體型比賽豬之選種性狀差異分析
吳明哲(1)、賴永裕(1)、顏念慈(1)、郭廷雍(1)、廖仁寶(1)、陳美如(1)、蔡秀容(1)、朱巧倩(1) 王受鎔(2)、林正祥(2)、劉桂柱(3)、張秀鑾(4)、陳培梅(5)、陳中興(5)
(1)行政院農業委員會畜產試驗所 (2)中央畜產會種豬檢定站 (3)台灣區種豬產業協會 (4)國立屏東科技大學動物科學與畜產系 (5)行政院農業委員會畜牧處
我國杜洛克(D)、藍瑞斯(L)及約克夏(Y)等國際三大豬種之拍賣會前檢測性狀，因仔豬生長所在環境而有不同。生長檢定豬為70日齡仔豬於新化檢定站進行生長性能及飼料效率檢定至體重110Kg或180日齡、並於225日齡拍賣前有採精測試及體型評鑑。而體型比賽豬則於種豬場飼養至240~290日齡，經台灣區種豬產業協會派員到場進行採精照相及精子濃度檢測，體型比賽會前一天有體重及三點背脂厚度測量，以及拍賣會前有體型評鑑。本研究利用2000年至2017年9月等拍賣成交豬隻，總計15,969頭，包括D8,545頭、L5,892頭、與Y1,532頭，分析檢定公豬拍賣之最高成交價及拍賣年，在D為2005年661,500元、L為2005年521,000元、Y為2017年220,000元；而體型比賽公豬拍賣之最高成交價及拍賣年，在D為2006年700,000元、L為2006年260,000元、Y為2017年130,000元，顯示D及L豬種更新需求在2005~2006年間最迫切，而Y豬種更新需求在2017年間最迫切。不分品種及性別，每頭豬皆有出生系譜、乳頭數、同胎公母仔豬頭數、親代產仔時日齡及雌親懷孕天數、及其自身基因型資料與供選種用檢測性狀。生長檢定豬重於飼料效率，而體型比賽豬重於體長寬高及步態。分析比較兩種拍賣豬，體型比賽豬有體重背脂兩性狀說明生長速率及肩胛部背脂厚度優勢，但多為一胎一頭參加，不如生長檢定豬至少同胎兩頭以上送檢，以及檢定豬有六個月期間生物安全監測計畫。因標購人群也有所不同，體型比賽豬標購人多為肉豬飼養場，體型比賽豬之拍賣成交價平均低於生長檢定豬。例如於2016年，在體型比賽會之期均人均購買種公豬費是57,124元(179人/10期)與購買種女豬費是36,113元(84人/10期)，而在檢定站之期均人均購買種公豬費是82,896元(309人/8期)與購買種女豬費是32,332元(35人/4期)。期均人均購買費顯示標購人重視生長期飼料效率大於配種期精液性狀。
關鍵語：種豬、檢定性狀、拍賣會
PREFERENCES FOR BREEDING TRAITS IN PIG AUCTION BETWEEN GROWTH PERFORMANCE TEST AND BODY CONFORMATION CONTEST
M. C. Wu(1), Y. Y. Lai(1), N. T. Yen(1), T. Y. Kuo(1), R. B. Liaw(1), M. L. Chen(1), H. L. Tsai(1), C. C. Chu(1) H. L. Wang(2), C. H. Lin(2), K. C. Liu(3), H. L. Chang(4), P. M. Chen(5) and C. H. Chen(5)
(1)Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture; (2)Swine Growth Performance Test Station, National Animal Industry Foundation; (3)Formosan Farmers Association for Swine Improvement; (4)Department of Animal Sciences, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; (5)Animal Industry Division, Council of Agriculture
Duroc(D), Landrace(L) and Yorkshire(Y) as the major three international breeds in Taiwan, piglets had various traits for auction. Piglets at 70 days of age were tested for growth performance at Hsinhua Station and was off at 110kg (100kg for gilt) of body weight or by 180 days of age. Prior to the auction age at 225 days old, tested pigs were tested on semen collection and body conformation. Ready-to-use boars were raised at breeding farm for the semen collection test on 240~290 days of age by the Association with a photo taking. One day ahead the auction, body weight and three point of backfat thickness were taken with the body conformation contest prior to the auction. A total of 15,969 head, including of 8,545 D, 5,892 L and 1,532 Y sold during the period from 2000 to September of 2017. The highest price paid and sold year at Hsinhua Station were 661,500NT$ in D on 2005, 521,000NT$ in L on 2005, and 220,000NT$ in Y on 2017. As at Body Contest, 700,000NT$ in D on 2006, 260,000NT$ in L on 2006, and 130,000NT$ in Y on 2017. Pricing results indicated that needs of D and L breeding pigs for the replacement were in 2005~2006 but more needs for Y breeding pigs in 2017. Each pig had birth pedigree, teat number, male and female littermates, age of parents and maternal gestation length, gene markers and traits measured. Feed efficiency is the key trait in growth performance test and more littermates on test for biosecurity program at six month period. Body conformation contest had body weight with emphasis on the backfat thickness on shoulder point and locomotion but few had littermates. Due to the buyer population on the utilization of breeding pigs at the auction between Station and Contest, the price paid to each breeding pig at the Contest was lower as comparison with that at the Station. It may due to the breeding pig from the Contest was to produce hogs in majority. The mean of money spend by each buyer per auction in 2016, 57,124NT$ for boars (179 buyer in 10 auction) and 36,113NT$ for gilts (84 buyer in 10 auction) at the Contest, but 82,896NT$ for boars (309 buyer in 8 auction) and 32,332NT$ for gilts (35 buyer in 4 auction) at the Station. In summary, the mean of money spend by each buyer per auction indicated that buyer more focus on the feed efficiency of growth period than the semen traits of mating period.
Key Words: Breeding pig, Traits, Auction
  
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