飼養管理
離氨酸和甲硫氨酸被認為是奶牛日糧對民牛奶合成過程中,典型兩種最常見的限制型必需氨基酸。大多數的推薦顯示於可代謝蛋白質(MetabolizableProtein,MP)中,維持離胺酸對甲硫氨酸3:1的比例可以優化牛奶及其內容成分產量。牧草及其他飼料的變異,以及日糧採食量的改變,變更了可代謝蛋白質供應,導致離氨酸對甲硫氨酸比例及實際供應量的變化。營養模式間的差異預測也創造了目標水準間的差異。這種不確定性是發展過瘤胃而不受破壞的氨基酸其中一個理由;這些產品可以確實地運輸氨基酸至母牛小腸提供吸收及利用。
增加可代謝蛋白離氨酸的水平超過傳統標準的推薦使用量,可以增加泌乳量。許多研究建議增加可利用蛋白離氨酸含量10-15克/每頭/每天,不管是哪個泌乳階段,都可增加乳產量。這個田間示範試驗評估每天補充.45公克過瘤胃離氨酸(離氨酸含量50%)/每頭/每日對民產乳量的影響。補充45公克過瘤胃離氨酸將提供約10g可代謝蛋白離氨酸於日糧中。
材料與方法
結果
計算此群牛民試驗前及試驗期的平均乳產量,產後泌乳150天標準乳量及150天能量校正牛乳(ECM)。150天及150天ECM被用來提供一個精準的比較。補充過瘤胃離氨酸期間:
﹒全期,150天和150天ECM乳產量,每天各增加3.7,5.8,1.7磅(圖一)。
﹒整個泌乳期乳產量是增加的。31-100天增加8.2磅,101-200增加5.1磅,200天後增加5.1磅(圖二)。
﹒補充過瘤胃離氨酸期間,所有胎次其150天乳產量都是增加的。初產、二產及經產後泌乳每頭每天各增加6.0、0.8及9.6磅牛乳。
【圖一】 |
【圖二】 |
【圖三】 |
結論:
每頭牛每天補充45公克過瘤胃離氨酸以增加可利用蛋白離氨酸含量約10g,不管是哪個胎次或是哪個泌乳階段,皆能增加乳產量。而在泌乳階段早期(31-100天每日乳量)及三產時期作用效果是最顯著的。
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