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¡@¡@¥»¬Ù¦×¦Ï¨Æ·~µo®i¨³³t¡A±q°Æ·~¹}¾i¦Ü±M·~¤Æ¸gÀç¡A¤w¦¨¬°¯b²£·~¤¤«nªº¨Æ·~¤§¤@¡A¥i¬O¡Aªø´Á¥H¨Ó©¿µø¥Í²£Åé¨t¤§«Ø¥ß»Pµo®i¡A¦Ï°¦¥«³õ°ò¥»¤W©|¨Ì¿à¦ÛµM²^¨Oªº¤è¦¡¦Ó´£¨Ñ¡A¦]¦¹¡A²{¥N¾i¦Ï¥Í²£Åé¨tªº«Ø¥ß©M§¹µ½¥²¶·»P¥«³õ»Ýn¬Ûµ²¦X¡C¦³§Q©ó¸gÀ窺¥Í²£¤è¦¡¡A¨ä¤¤«nªº¤@ÓÀô¸`¡A§Yn¦³¯àÀò±o³Ì¨ÎÂø¥æ®ÄªGªº«~ºØ²Õ¦X¡A§Q¥Î¤÷¨t¡B¥À¨t«~ºØªº¤¬¸É©Ê¡A¥H´£¨Ñ¥þ¦~§¡¿Å¥Í²£Àu¨qªº¦Ï°¦¡C¤@¯ë¦Ó¨¥¡A±Ä¥ÎÂø¥æ¨|ºØ§Q¥Î¨äÂø¥æÀu¶Õ¡A¬O¦Ï¦×¥Í²£Åé¨t¤¤ªº³Ì¤jÀuÂI¡C«nªº¿ï¨|©Êª¬¹ï¤÷¨t«~ºØ¦Ó¨¥¡AÀ³n¨DÅé®æ§§ºÓ¡B¥Íªø§Ö³t¡B±OÅé«~½è¨Î¡B¥J¦Ï¦¨¬¡²v°ª¥B¯à¾AÀ³¥»¦aÀô¹Ò¡F¹ï¥À¨t«~ºØ«h»Ý¾AÀ³©Ê±j¡B¤¤µ¥Åé®æ¡B¥À©Ê¨}¦n¡B¦¼ô¡B¦hL©Ê¤ÎÁc´Þ®Ä²v°ªµ¥¡C¥¼¨ÓY¯à±N¹ï¤÷¨t«~ºØ»P¥À¨t«~ºØªº¯SÂI¡A¿Ä¦X¨ì¤@Ó·s«~ºØ¤¤¡A«h¦Ï¦×¥Í²£±N¯à¹F¨ì¨Æ¥b¥\¿¤§®ÄªG¡Cºî¨¥¤§¦Ï¦×¥Í²£¤§§ï¶i¡A¦³¿à©ó¥Íªø©Ê¯àªº¼W¶i¡B¥À¦ÏÁc´Þ©Ê¯àªº´£ª@(¦p²£¥J¼Æ¡B¥J¦Ï¨|¦¨²v¡B²£¥J¶¡¹jµ¥Ác´Þ®Ä²vªº´£°ª)¡B¹}®Æ§Q¥Î®Ä²v»P±OÅé«~½èªº§ï¨}µ¥¡C
¡@¡@¤s¦Ï¨|ºØpµe¬°¤@ªø´Á©Ê»P«ùÄò©Êªº¤u§@¡AÁöµM°ê¤º¦³Ãö¤s¦Ï¨|ºØªºpµe¬ã¨s°_¨B¸û±ß¡AµM¦Ó¡A¹L¥h¼Æ¦~¨Ó¡A³z¹L²£©x¾Ç¤Î·~¬É¦@¦P¼®¤O¤§±Ð¨|»P»²¾É¡A¨Ã©w´Á»E·|¬ã°Q¬ÛÃöpµe°õ¦æ¶i«×¤Î°õ¦æ©Ò¹J¤§§xÃøµ¥°ÝÃD¡A½T«H¥¼¨Ó°ê¤º¦Ï°¦¨|ºØpµe¤§±À°Ê¡AÀ³¯à§ó¿²©ó¦³²Õ´¡B¦³¨t²Îªº°õ¦æ¡A¨Ï¦Ï¸s¦b¿ò¶Ç¤WÀò±o§ï¨}¡C
ªí1. ¬_§QÂL»Pù»X¥§ºø¦ÏÁc´Þ©Ê¯à
¶µ¥Ø |
¨üL²v |
ÂùL²v |
²£¥J²v |
¡@ |
-------------------
¢M------------------- |
¬_§QÂL |
86.1 |
7.0 |
103.1 |
ù»X¥§ |
69.7 |
18.2 |
126.1 |
¡@
ªí2. ¬_§QÂL»Pù»X¥§ºø¦Ï¥Íªø©Ê¯à
¶µ¥Ø |
¡@ |
¥X¥Í |
¥|¤ëÄÖ |
¤»¤ëÄÖ |
¤Q¤ëÄÖ |
¤@·³ÄÖ |
¤Q¤K¤ëÄÖ* |
----------------------kg---------------------- |
¬_§QÂL |
¡ñ |
3.5 |
13.7 |
15.1 |
25.3 |
29.0 |
38.3 |
¡ð |
3.1 |
13.6 |
15.5 |
21.7 |
24.0 |
32.1 |
ù»X¥§ |
¡ñ |
3.8 |
16.5 |
19.4 |
29.0 |
32.3 |
37.9 |
¡ð |
3.5 |
14.2 |
17.3 |
22.2 |
29.2 |
37.8 |
* ¤Q¤K¤ëÄÖ¶}©l°tºØ¡C
¡@
ªí3. ¶Â¨{ºø¦ÏÁc´Þ©Ê¯à
¶µ¥Ø |
ÂùL²v |
²£¯Ì²v |
¡@ |
-------------------¢H------------------ |
50.4 |
163.0 |
¡@
ªí4. ¶Â¨{ºø¦Ï¥Íªø©Ê¯à
¶µ¥Ø |
¥X¥Í |
¤T¤ëÄÖ |
¤»¤ëÄÖ |
¡@ |
---------------------kg--------------------- |
¡ñ |
2.6±0.6 |
20.5±4.4 |
36.5±6.4 |
¡ð |
2.5±0.7 |
17.9±4.1 |
30.7±5.2 |
¡@
ªí5. ¶Â¨{ºø¦Ï±O®_©Ê¯à
¶µ¥Ø |
¬¡Åé« |
±OÅé« |
±O®_²v |
ºë¦×²v |
¡@ |
---------kg--------- |
----------¢H---------- |
52.3±3.7 |
26.4±1.7 |
50.6±1.5 |
33.8±1.3 |
¡@
ªí6. ¤£¦P«~ºØ¤½¤s¦ÏÂ÷¨Å«á¼W«
Table 6. Effect of breeds on post-weaning gain of Young buck
Breed |
n |
Start wt. |
End wt. |
ADG |
Feed intake/day |
Feed efficiency |
DM intake/Body wt. |
¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð
kg ¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð |
¢H |
Na |
42 |
22.0±4.2 |
32.2±6.6 |
0.097±0.04b |
0.647±0.11b |
7.933±4.6a |
1.5ab |
F1 |
27 |
22.7±3.8 |
36.2±6.5 |
0.124±0.04a |
0.764±0.14a |
7.652±3.1a |
1.6a |
G1 |
11 |
26.3±4.7 |
35.6±4.6 |
0.099±0.03b |
0.683±0.10ab |
7.645±2.5a |
1.3b |
G2 |
16 |
29.4±3.7 |
37.7±4.0 |
0.088±0.03b |
0.660±0.09b |
8.708±3.8a |
1.2c |
Different superscripts in the same item indicate significantly
different (p<0.05).
Na: Native goat.¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@F1: offspring of Nubian¡ÑNa.
G1: offspring of Nubian¡ÑF1.¡@¡@¡@G2: offspring of Nubian¡ÑG1.
¡@
ªí7. ¤£¦P«~ºØ¥À¦ÏÁc´Þ®Ä²v
Table 7. Breeds effect on reproductive performance
Breed |
Conception rate |
Singling |
Twinning |
Tripling |
Kidding rate ¢¹ |
Kidding rate ¢º |
¡@ |
¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡@¢H¡@¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð |
Na |
83.8( 31/ 37) |
41.9(13/ 31) |
54.8(17/ 31) |
3.3( 1/ 31) |
161.3( 50/ 31) |
135.1( 50/ 37) |
F1 |
72.1(106/147) |
27.4(29/106) |
60.4(64/106) |
12.3(13/106) |
184.9(196/106) |
129.3(196/147) |
G1 |
72.5( 50/ 69) |
28.0(14/ 50) |
60.0(30/ 50) |
12.0( 6/ 50) |
186.0( 93/ 50) |
134.8( 93/ 69) |
G2 |
100.0( 14/ 14) |
42.9( 6/ 14) |
50.0( 7/ 14) |
7.2( 1/ 14) |
164.3( 23/ 14) |
164.3( 23/ 14) |
*Nu |
76.7( 33/ 43) |
21.4( 7/ 33) |
46.4(15/ 33) |
32.2(11/ 33) |
212.1( 70/ 33) |
162.8( 70/ 43) |
*Nu: Nubian
Kidding rate ¢¹: Number of kids born/Number of pregnant does.
Kidding rate ¢º: Number of kids born/Number of does exposed to buck in breeding season.
¡@
ªí8. ¤£¦P«~ºØ¤½¦Ï±OÅé©Êª¬
Table 8. Breed effect on carcass charasteristics
Breeds |
Live
weight |
Dressing
percentage |
Lean
meat |
Fat |
Bone |
Skin |
¢¹* |
¢º** |
|
|
kg |
¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡@¢H¡@¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð |
Na n=8 |
50.8 |
48.4a |
32.9a |
67.9a |
7.1a |
11.9a |
11.8a |
F1 n=8 |
48.5 |
49.4a |
34.0a |
68.8a |
8.3ab |
11.4a |
11.0 |
Nu n=8 |
60.0 |
46.5a |
31.2a |
67.1a |
10.5b |
10.4 |
10.2a |
* Lean meat % of live weight.
** Lean meat % of carcase.
Values with different superscripts in the same item are different significantly
(p<0.05).
¡@
ªí9. ¥xÆW¥»¦a¶Â¤s¦ÏÂ÷¨Å«e(«á)¤§¥Íªø©Ê¯à
Table 9. Pre-weaning and post-weaning growth performance of Taiwan Native Black Goats
Sex |
Birth weight |
Weaning weight |
Average daily gain |
Feed conversion |
¡@ |
Preweaning |
Postweaning |
(Feed / Gain ) |
---------------------------- kg
--------------------------------- |
Male |
2.7±0.3 |
13.7±1.6 |
0.13±0.03 |
0.13±0.04 |
6.30 |
Female |
2.6±0.5 |
11.9±0.7 |
0.11±0.01 |
0.19±0.03 |
¡Ð |
Mean±SE ( n=25 )
*Ration containing 13% crude protein (CP) and 77% total digestible nutrient (TDN) for male
kids and 15% CP and 78% TDN for female kids, the kids were kept separately by sex after
weaning on different feeding system.
¡@
ªí10. ¥xÆW¥»¦a¶Â¤s¦Ï¤§Å髬´ú©wÈ
Table10. Body measurements of Taiwan Native Black Goats
Sex |
Age |
Body weight |
Wither height |
Body length |
Chest girth |
Length/Height ratio |
|
kg |
cm |
|
Male |
Birth
12 wks.
24 wks.
3 yrs.
|
2.7±0.3
13.7±1.6
20.4±2.2
72.0±6.0 |
31.2±1.6
48.2±4.2
54.2±1.8
91.5±5.4 |
30.6±2.4
51±3.8
64.0±2.9
84.4±8.6 |
31.5±1.9
51.5±2.1
60.3±7.6
92.7±7.7 |
1.02
0.93
0.85
1.08 |
Female |
Birth
12 wks.
24 wks.
3 yrs. |
2.6±0.5
11.9±0.7
20.7±2.7
44.8±5.9 |
30.8±1.8
44.4±2.4
53.4±3.0
59.3±4.1 |
29.8±1.6
49.3±2.5
61.8±2.8
67.1±3.8 |
31.4±1.3
49.3±2.4
59.0±7.7
85.4±4.6 |
1.03
0.90
0.86
1.13 |
Mean±SE ( n=52 ).
¡@
ªí11. ¥xÆW¥»¦a¶Â¤s¦Ï¤§±OÅé©Êª¬ ( n=10)
Table 11. Carcass traits of Taiwan Native Black bucks ( n=10 )
Live weight at
slaughtering |
Dressing |
Lean meat |
Fat |
Bone |
Skin |
¢¹* |
¢º** |
kg |
¢H |
42.0± 1.3 |
41.1± 0.4 |
33.6± 0.3 |
68.5± 0.5 |
5.8± 1.2 |
12.4± 0.3 |
11.9± 0.4 |
* live weight; ** carcass weight.
¡@
ªí12. ¥xÆW¥»¦a¶Â¤s¦Ï°tºØ¼ç¯à¤§¤éÄÖ»PÅé« ( n=12 )
Table 12. Age and body weight at puberty of Taiwan Native Black Goats ( n=12 )
Sex |
Body weight |
Age at puberty |
¡@ |
kg |
days |
Male |
24.6±3.6 |
136.7±10.2* |
Female |
19.8±2.1 |
110.5±7.6** |
¡¯At least 50%¡Ï¡Ï of motile sperm in the collected semen electroejaculator.
¡¯¡¯Monitored by changes of plasma progesterone concentration.
¡@
ªí 13. ¥xÆW¥»¦a¶Â¤s¦Ï¤§Ác´Þ©Ê¯à ( n=60 )
Table 13. Reproductive performance of Taiwan Native Black Goats ( n=60 )
Kidding rate |
Interval between parturition and estrus
resumption interval |
Litter size |
Single |
Twin |
Triplet |
¢H |
days |
¢H |
161.3 |
34.6±4.3 |
41.9 |
54.8 |
3.3 |
¡@
ªí 14. ¥xÆW¥»¦a¶Â¤s¦Ïªc¨Å´Á¶¡¤§²£¨Å©Êª¬ ( n=20 )
Table14. Milk production of Taiwan Native Black Goats ( n=20 )
Milk production |
Milk fat |
Milk fat |
kg/ day |
g/day |
¢H |
0.8±0.4 |
44±0.2 |
5.5±0.3 |
¹Ï 1. ¥xÆW¥»¦a¶Â¤s¦Ïªc¨Å¦±½u¡C
Fig. 1. Lactation curve of Taiwan Native Black Goat.
¡@
ªí 15. ¥xÆW¥»¦a¶Â¤s¦Ï©ó1989¦Ü1991 ¦~¶¡¤§¿©¯f²v¤Î¦º¤`²v
Table 15. The morbidity and mortality of Taiwan Native Black Goats in the years of 1989 -
1991
Year |
Morbidity* |
Mortality** |
¡@ |
¢H |
1989 |
12.2 ( 15 / 123 ) |
8.9 ( 11 / 113 ) |
1990 |
26.5 ( 35 / 132 ) |
12.9 ( 17 / 132 ) |
1991 |
38.7 ( 55 / 142 ) |
23.9 ( 34 / 142 ) |
Average |
25.8 |
15.2 |
* Morbidity : No. of morbid animal / total animals investigated.
** Mortality : No. of mortal animal / total animals investigated.
¡@
ªí16. ¥xÆW¥»¦a¶Â¤s¦Ï¿©¯fºØÃþ¤§²Îp(1989-1991¦~)
Table16. Diseases of Taiwan Native Black Goats suffered in the years of 1989 - 1991
Respiratory
system |
Digestive system |
Locomotion system |
Urinary system |
Obstetrics |
Others* |
¢H |
64.8 |
20.0 |
2.8 |
1.0 |
5.7 |
5.7 |
* Dermatitis , trauma ( wound ) etc.
¡@
ªí17. ªiº¸¤s¦Ï¤Î¨äÂø¥æ«~ºØ¤§¥Íªø©Ê¯à
¶µ¥Ø |
¥X¥Í |
¤T¤ëÄÖ |
¤»¤ëÄÖ |
¤E¤ëÄÖ |
¤@·³ÄÖ |
¡@ |
----------------- kg ----------------- |
ªiº¸¤s¦Ï |
4.15±0.45 |
13.20±2.53 |
22.60±3.73 |
35.03±1.90 |
50.17±3.17 |
¤G«~ºØ |
2.73±0.13 |
11.04±2.15 |
16.24±2.23 |
29.20±1.42 |
42.40±2.62 |
¤T«~ºØ |
3.91±0.13 |
14.54±0.93 |
19.44±2.24 |
33.85±2.20 |
50.58±0.98 |
¡@
ªí18. ªiº¸¤s¦Ï»P¨äÂø¥æ«~ºØ¥§¡¤é¼W«
¶µ¥Ø |
÷¨Å´Á¶¡ |
Â÷¨Å¦Ü¤»¤ëÄÖ |
¦Ü¤@·³ÄÖ |
¡@ |
----------------------- kg
----------------------- |
ªiº¸¤s¦Ï |
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.15 |
¤G«~ºØ |
0.09 |
0.06 |
0.15 |
¤T«~ºØ |
0.12 |
0.05 |
0.17 |
¡@
ªí19. ªiº¸¤s¦Ï»P¨äÂø¥æ«~ºØ±O®_©Ê¯à
¶µ¥Ø |
±O®_«e«(kg) |
±OÅé«(kg) |
±OÅé²v(%) |
ºë¦×²v
(¦û¬¡Åé,%) |
ºë¦×²v
(¦û±OÅé,%) |
¯×ªÕ
(%) |
°©Àf
(%) |
ªiº¸¤s¦Ï |
49.83±4.89 |
29.37±1.70 |
59.28±3.14 |
32.37±1.49 |
54.68±1.24 |
9.12±0.82 |
17.52±0.88 |
¤G«~ºØ |
44.50±4.50 |
24.21±0.44 |
54.70±4.40 |
30.30±2.50 |
55.93±9.17 |
8.26±0.56 |
17.13±0.68 |
¤T«~ºØ |
49.79±1.71 |
28.29±1.46 |
56.86±2.05 |
31.65±0.99 |
55.80±1.31 |
9.51±0.56 |
19.10±0.93 |
¡@
°Ñ¦Ò¤åÄm
Campbell, Q. P. 1984. The development of a meat producing goat in South
Africa. Proc. 2nd world congress on sheep and beef cattle breeding. pp. 214~230.
Casy, N. H. 1982. Carcass and growth characterestics of four South
Africa sheep breeds and the Boer goat. DSC (Agric) Thesis. University of Pretoria.
Dreyeer, C. J. 1975. Naspeense groeivermo'c Van Boerbokke (Post weaning
growth of Boer goats) Die vleinsnwerheid. pp. 33~35.
El-gallad, T. T., S. M. Allam, E. A. Gihad and T. M. El-bedaway. 1988.
Effect of energy intake and roughage ratio on the perfarmance of Egyption Nubian kids from
weaning to one year of age. Small ruminant Research ¢¹: 343~353.
Gall, C. 1983. Goat production. Academic Press, London. pp. 80~126.
Haenlein, B. F. W., and D. L. Ace. 1984. Extension goat handbook. USDA.
Washington DC. pp. 38~80.
Huang, J. C., S.H. Wen, H. J. Chang and A. K. Su. 1990, Crossbreeding
Native goat with Nubian. Proceedings of the 5th AAAP. Taipei. Vol. 3. pp. 273.
Huang, J. C., R. C. Shieh, H. J. Chang, A. K. Su. and S. H. Wen. 1993.
Productive performance of Nubian and Native goat. Taiwan Livestock Res. Vol. 26(2):
175~186.
NRC. 1981. Nutrient Requirements of Goats. National Academy Press.
Smith, C. H., P. C. Lubout and K. A. Ramsay. 1986. Studies with
indigenous smallstock. ¢¹:Reproductive and preweaning performance of wild goats and
improved Boer goats. S. Afr. Soc. Anim. Sci. Congress. pp. 1~19.
Thompson, F. N., E. Abrams and D. M. miller. 1983. Reproductive traits
in Nubian dairy goat. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 6: 59~65.
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