[¦^¤W¶ | Åã¥Ü¦¹¤å¥ó¬°¥i¦C¦L®æ¦¡]
¦¹¤å¥ó´£¨ÑªÌ¡G agrkb - [µû¤À : 0.00 (0 ²¼¿ï) | µû¤À¡I]
¥xÆW¤ô¤û«OºØ
¶À§Óþ
ºKn
¡@¡@¥xÆW¤ô¤ûªº«OºØ¤u§@¬°¤@ªø´Á©Êªº¤u§@¡A¥Øªº¦bÁקK¥ÍºAÀô¹Òªº§ïÅÜ¡A¦ÓP¨Ï¥xÆW¤ô¤ûµ´ºØ¡C¦Û¥Á°ê75¦~¶}©l¦b¹A©e·|»P¹AªLÆUªº¤ä«ù¨ó§U¤U¡A¥»³õ¶i¦æ¥xÆW¤ô¤ûªº«OºØpµe¤u§@¡C¥Ø«e(87¦~)¤w«Ø¥ß¬°¼Æ50ÀYªº°ò¦ºØ¥À¤û¸s¡C¸gªø´Áªº½Õ¬d¡B¸ÕÅç²Ö¿n¤§¸ê®Æ²Îpµ²ªG¦p¦¸¡F(1)¥À¤û¸s¤§¥§¡²£¥J²v¬°83.2%.(2)¥J¤û¤§¨|¦¨²v¬°94.9%.(3)¤p¥À¤û¦b22¤ëÄÖ¥ª¥k¹F¨ì©Ê¦¨¼ô¡Aªì²£¤ëÄÖ¬ù¬°33¤ëÄÖ.(4)¥À¤ûÃh¥¥¤é¼Æ¬°320±7¤Ñ¡A¥§¡L¶Z¬°409±50¤Ñ.(5)Ã}¤û¥X¥Í¥§¡Åé«¡F¡ñ30.4±2.4
¢V. ¡ð28.7±1.9 ¢V (6)Â÷¨Å(205¤Ñ)Åé«¡F¡ñ170±18¢V. ¡ð150±15
¢V (7)¤@·³ÄÖ¥§¡Åé«¡ñ236±24¢V. ¡ð215±30¢V.(8)¨â·³ÄÖ¥§¡Åé«¡ñ414±26¢V.¡ð380±33¢V
(9)¤T·³ÄÖ¥§¡Åé«¡ñ520¢V. ¡ð420¢V. (10)¥|·³ÄÖ¥§¡Åé«¡ñ580 ¢V. ¡ð460
¢V. (11)¦×¥Î¤½¤ûªº¥§¡±O®_²v52.5%¡B½G¦×²v36.5%¡B¤À¤Á¥¢«2.25%. (12)À³¥ÎGPI©MPGD¿ò¶Ç¼Ð°OŲ§O±oª¾¥xÆW¤ô¤û«OºØ±Ú¸s¯Â¦X¤lÓÅé(GPI--BB«¬¡APGD--AA«¬)¡C(13)¦b²D©u¡A¤ô¤û§Z±_¬¡¤Æ¦n¡A¦å¤¤¥¥à¬(P4)¿@«×ºû«ù¤@©w¤ô¥¡A¦³§Q©ó¬î©u©u¸`°tºØ¡A¥i´£°ª¨üL²v¡C¡@
ºü¨¥
¡@¡@¥xÆW¤ô¤û¹}¾i¾ú¥v±y¤[¡A¦b¹L¥h¤T¦Ê¾l¦~¡A¹A®a¬Ò¥Î¥H¾r¨®¡B¯Ñ¥Ð¡B§Ð¥Î¬°¥D¡A¬°¹A®a»PªÀ·|ªº¥Dn³Ò°Ê¤O¨Ó·½¡A¦Û¥Á°ê50¦~(1961¦~)¥H«á¥Ñ©ó®É¥NªºÅܾE¡A²£·~µ²ºcªº§ïÅÜ¡A²{¥N¹A¾÷¨ú¥N¤F¤ô¤ûªº¯Ñ§@¥\¯à¡F¦³Å²©ó¤ô¤û¹}¾iÀY¼Æ¤§³v¦~´î¤Ö¡A¤Î¨ä¯S®í@²Ê¹}¤§¥i¶Q¡A¬°¤F«O¦s¥»¤g®a¯bªº¯S®í¿ò¶Ç°ò¦]»PºØ¯bÁcl¡A¤D¦Û¥Á°ê75¦~°_¡A¦b¹A©e·|¡B¹AªLÆUªº¨ó§U¤U¡A°t¦X¤¤¥¡ºØì®w¤§«Ø¥ß¡A¦¨¥ß¡¨¥xÆW¤ô¤û¾i¨|¤¤¤ß¡¨¡A¿ì²z¤ô¤ûªº«OºØ»P±À¼s¤u§@¡A°µ¥ÃÄòªº¸gÀç»P§Q¥Î¡F¨´¤µ¤vªì¨B§¹¦¨¥xÆW¤ô¤ûªº«OºØº[½Õ¬d«OºØ±Ú¸s¤û°¦ªº¤@¯ë¥Í²z©Êª¬©M¬ÛÃöªº¸gÀ٩ʪ¬¡A¤Î¥xÆW¤ô¤û¹}¾iºÞ²z»P¸gÀç¼Ò¦¡ªº±´°Q¡A¤ô¤û¦×¥Î¥i¦æ©Ê±´°Q¬ã¨sµ¥pµe¡C
§÷®Æ»P¤èªk
§÷®Æ¡G
- ¥»³õ¹}¾i¤ô¤û¸s30ÀY¡AºØ¤½¤û2ÀY¤Î¨ä«á¸Ç¡C
- ½L©T©Ôªª¯ó©ñªª°Ï¡A½L©T©Ô°®¯ó¤Î²V¦Xºë¹}®Æ¡C¯ó¦a30¤½³¼¡C
¤èªk¡G
- ¥H¥»³õ¹}¾i¤ô¤û¸s°µ¯ÂºØÁc´Þ¡A°tºØ®É¬q(9-11¤ë)©ñ¤J¤½¤û»P¥À¤û¤@°_©ñªª¡A¨ä¥L®É¶¡¤½¤ûÓ§O¹}¾i¡C
- ¥À¤û©ó²Ý¦~8¤ë©³¦Ü10¤ë¶°¤¤®É¬q¤À®Y²£¥J¡C
- ¥J¤û÷¨Å205¤Ñ«á¡A²Î¤@®É¬qÂ÷¨Å¡C
- ©w´ÁºÙ´ú¥À¤û¡B¥J¤ûªºÅé«¡A¨Ã°O¿ý¤§¡C
- ¥À¤û²£«áµo±¡¡BL¶Z½Õ¬d»P¶i¦æ©u¸`©Ê°tºØ¡C
- ¤£¦P©u¸`(¼ö¡B²D©u)¡Aµo±¡¥À¤û¦å¤¤¥¥à¬¿@«×ªº´ú¸Õ±´°Q¡C
- Â÷¨Å¥J¤½¤û¹}Áý°ª¿@«×Àç¾i¹}³¡A¶i¦æ¦´ÁªÎ¨|¡A°µ¤ô¤û¦×¥Î¥i¦æ©Êªº±´°Q¡C
µ²ªG»P°Q½×
(¤@)¥À¤ûÁc´Þ©Ê¯à¡GºØ¥À¤û30ÀY¡C¦~«×Ác´Þ²v¬°83.2%¡A¥Í²£Ã}¤û25ÀY¡A¥J¤û¨|¦¨²v¬°94.9%(¨|¦¨24ÀY)¡A»P©¹¦~¤ñ¸û´£°ª1.5%¡C¦b¥À¤û²£«á2-3¶g¤À¸s¹}¾i¡A¨Ñµ¹¾A·íÀç¾i¡A¥À¤ûªc¨Å¥R¨¬¥i´£°ª¥J¤û÷¨|ªº¬¡¦s²v¡A¥Ñ°ª¥J¤û¨|¦¨²vÅã¥Ü¥J¤û¦³·¥°ªªºÀô¹Ò¾AÀ³¯à¤O¤Î§Ü¯f©Ê¡C¥À¤û¤À®Y¶°¤¤¦b8¤ë©³¦Ü10¤ë¤î(¥H©¹¦b5-10¤ë¥Í²£¸û¦h)¡A²£¥J¶°¤¤ºÞ²z¤è«K¡C
(¤G)Ã}¤û¥X¥ÍÅé«¡G¡ñ30.4±2.4 ¢V. ¡ð28.7±1.9¢V¡CÂ÷¨ÅÅé«(205¤Ñ)¡F¡ñ170±18
¢V. ¡ð150±15¢V¡C¥J¤ûªº¥X¥ÍÅ髨äÓÅ鶡ªº®t²§¤p¡A¥J¤ûÂ÷¨Å«e¥§¡ÀY¤é¼W«0.55-0.65¤½¤ç¡A¤@¯ë¥J¤ûÂ÷¨ÅÅé«¡A¨ü¥À¤ûªº÷¨Å¯à¤O¡AÀô¹Ò»PÀç¾iµ¥«D¿ò¶Ç¦]¯À¤§¼vÅT¸û¤j(Aman¡A1983¡FChantalakhana¡A1980)¡AÂ÷¨Å«áªºªª¯ó«~½è»Pªª¯ó¨ÑÁý¶q¥R¨¬»P§_ªº¼vÅT¬Æ¤j¡A¥J¤½¤û©óÂ÷¨Å«á¦b¶°¬ùªºªÙ¹}Àô¹Ò¤U¹}¾i¡A©Ò±o¤§¨C¤é¼W«¹F0.83¤½¤ç¡A¦Ó©ñªª¹}¾i¬°0.34
-.048¤½¤ç¡A¦bÅ髪º¼Wªø³t²v¡A¥H¦b÷¨Å´Á¦Ü¤G·³ÄÖ¤§´Á¶¡¬°³Ì°ª¡FÂ÷¨Å®É¥J¤û¥§¡Å髸û±µªñ(150-170¤½¤ç/ÀY)¸û¾ã»ô¡AÂ÷¨Å«á¹}¾iºÞ²z²Î¤@¤è«K¡C
(¤T)¥xÆW¤ô¤û¤@¯ë¸û¬°±ß¼ô¡A¦]¹}¾iºÞ²z¡BÀç¾i¤ô·Ç¡B©u¸`©ÎÓÅ骺¤£¦P¡A¥À¤ûªº©Ê¦¨¼ô¤W¦³²§¡A¥»³õ¥À¤ô¤û¦b15-18¤ëÄ֮ɪ즸µo±¡¡A©Ê¦¨¼ô¦b20.5-22.5¤ëÄÖ(658±27¤Ñ)¡A¨|¦¨¤k¤ûÅé«320¤½¤ç¥H¤W¦æ²Ä¤@¦¸°tºØ¡A¤@¯ë¥À¤ûªºµo±¡¤£©úÅã¡A¤×¨ä¦b®L©u°ª·ÅÀô¹Ò¤U¡A¥À¤û§Z±_¤£¬¡¤Æ²{¶H¡Aµo±¡®É¶¡ÁYµu¡A¦å¤¤¥¥à¬(P4)¿@«×·¥§C¡F¦Ó¦b²D©u§Z±_¬¡¤Æ¡A¦å¤¤¥¥à¬¿@«×¥iºû«ù¤@©w¤ô¥(0.42-1.62ng/ml)¡A¦³§Q©ó¦b¬î©u¹ê¬I©u¸`©ÊÁc´Þ°tºØ¡A´£°ª¨üL²v¡C¥»³õ¥À¤û¨üL²v´£°ª¬°80-86%¡A¨C3¦~¥i¤À®Y2.5L¡A²£«á¤§¥À¤û¨üÀç¾i¡B©u¸`¤§¥æ¤¬§@¥Î¡A¼vÅT¨ä¨üL¦¨ÁZ¡C¥À¤ûÃh¥¥¤é¼Æ¬°320±7¤Ñ¡A¸û¤@¯ë(¨Å¡B¦×)¤ûªø¡Aªì²£¤éÄÖ¬°985±26¤Ñ(31.5-33.2¤ëÄÖ)¡A¥§¡L¶Z(¤À®Y¶¡¹j)¬°409±50¤Ñ¡A¸ûªF«n¨È¤@¯ë¤ô¤ûÁYµu150-200¤Ñ¡C
(¥|)¥J¤½¤ûÂ÷¨Å«á¡Aµ¹¤©°ª¿@«×Àç¾i¹}³ªºªÎ¨|¡A¥i¹F¨ì¸û²z·Qªº¼W«¡A¦b20¤ëÄ֮ɡA¤û°¦¥§¡Å髹F450¤½¤ç(¶Àµ¥¡A1996)¡A¥þ´Á¥§¡¤é¼W«¹F0.83¤½¤ç¡A¨ä±O®_²v¬°52.5%¡A½G¦×²v¬°36.5%¡A©Ò¥Í²£ªº¦×½è¤£»¹©ó¤@¯ë¤û¦×¡C½Õ¬dÅã¥Ü®ø¶OªÌ¹ï¾AÄÖ±O®_¤§¤ô¤û¦×¦³·¥°ªªºµû»ù»P±µ¨ü©Ê¡A¥»¬Ù¤ô¤û¥i¨Ñ§@¬°Àu¨}¥»¤g¤Æ¦×¥Î¤û«~ºØ¨Ó·½¡C
µ²½×
¡@¡@¥xÆW¤ô¤ûÄÝ©óªh¿A«¬¤ô¤û¡A¸û¨ä¥L¤ûºØ±ß¼ô¡A¤µ«á°£¤F«Ø¥ß¥xÆW¤ô¤ûªººØì±Ú¸s¡A«OÅ@¥xÆW¤ô¤û§K©óÃxÁ{µ´ºØ¥~¡A§óÀ³°µ¥ÃÄòªº¸gÀç»P§Q¥Î¡C¥xÆW¤ô¤û¹}¾iºÞ²z»P¸gÀç¼Ò¦¡¡A¥À¤û¸s¥H¥þ¦~¹ê¦æ©ñªª¬°¥D¡AºØ¤½¤û¥®É°é¹}¡A¶È©óÁc´Þ°tºØ©u¸`(9-11¤ë)²V¤JºØ¥À¤û¸s¡A¤@°_©ñªª¶i¦æ°tºØ¡A¸g¹ê¦æ©u¸`©Ê°tºØ²£¥J²v¥i¹F83%¥H¤W¡CÃ}¤û¥X¥Í«á»P¥À¤û©ñªª÷¨Å¡A¦ÜÅ髹F150¤½¤ç¤W§YÂ÷¨Å¡A¥J¤û¨|¦¨²v¹F92%¥H¤W¡CÂ÷¨Å«á¥J¤û¹}¾i¡BºÞ²z²Î¤@¡A¥J¤û¥Íªø¨}¦n¼W«§Ö¡Aµ¹¤©¾A·íªºÀç¾iªÎ¨|¡A¥i¦bµu´Á¤º¹F¨ì¸û²z·Qªº¤W¥«Åé«¡A¦b¤ô¤ûªº¦×¥Î¤è±¡A§e²{¸û¦³§Qªº¸gÀçªÅ¶¡¡A¥H¶}µo¨ã¦³¦a¤è¯S¦âªº¥ÍÂA¤ô¤û¦×»P¤ô¤û¦×¥[¤u²£«~¡A´£¨Ñ°ê¤H°·±d½Ã¥Í¡B°ª«~½èªº¥»¤g¤û¦×¡C®i±æ¾i¤û¨Æ·~Àô¹Òªº¥ÃÄòµo®i¡A¦´Áµ¦¹º¦]À³¤é«áWTOªº½ÄÀ»¡A§ó¥i´£¨Ñ¾Ç³N¬ã¨s±Ð¾Ç»P¥ßÅé°ÊºA¥ð¶¢¬¡°Ê¬Ûµ²¦X¡AÁÚ¦V¹A·~»P¬ì§Þ¡B¥ÍºA©M¸gÀÙ¤T¤è±ªº¥¦æµo®i¡C
ªí1. ¥À¤ô¤û¸s¦Û1987¦~¦Ü1997¦~¤§¨C¦~¥§¡²£¥J²v¤Î¥J¤û¨|¦¨²v
Table 1. Annual calving rate and percentage of calves weaned from 1987 to 1997
Year |
cows investigatd |
cow calved |
calves weaned |
calving rate |
calves weaned |
¡@ |
¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¡@No¡@¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w |
¢w¢w¢w % ¢w¢w¢w |
1987 |
50 |
40 |
39 |
80.0 |
97.5 |
1988 |
50 |
44 |
41 |
88.0 |
93.2 |
1989 |
30 |
22 |
22 |
73.3 |
100.0 |
1990 |
30 |
29 |
26 |
96.7 |
89.7 |
1991 |
30 |
20 |
20 |
66.7 |
100.0 |
1992 |
30 |
26 |
26 |
86.7 |
100.0 |
1993 |
30 |
27 |
25 |
90.0 |
92.6 |
1994 |
30 |
26 |
24 |
86.7 |
92.3 |
1995 |
30 |
25 |
23 |
83.0 |
92.0 |
1996 |
30 |
25 |
23 |
83.5 |
92.0 |
1997 |
30 |
26 |
24 |
86.7 |
92.0 |
Total |
370 |
310 |
293 |
83.5 |
94.6 |
¡@
ªí2. ¥À¤ô¤û¤§Ác´Þ©Ê¯à
Table 2. Reproductive performance of female Taiwan Water buffalo
¡@ |
Age at
puberty |
age f cows
first calved |
¡@ |
Length of
pregnancy |
calving
interval |
No.of cow |
74 |
62 |
days |
234 |
234 |
¡@ |
658±27* |
958±26 |
320±7 |
409±50 |
* Mean±S.D.
¡@
ªí3.¥xÆW¤ô¤ûªì²£¥À¤ûªº¤ëÄÖ
Table 3. The first calved cow's age of taiwan water buffalo
ªì²£¤ëÄÖ
Age of Month |
¤À®YÀY¼Æ
Calved cows |
¦û½Õ¬dÀY¼Æ
Percentage in investigation |
31.5-33 |
56 |
90.3 |
34-37 |
4 |
6.5 |
38-42 |
2 |
3.2 |
* ªì²£¥À¤û½Õ¬dÀY¼Æ n=62ÀY¡C
Number of first calved cows, n=62.
¡@
ªí4.¥J¤û÷¨Å´Á¶¡¤§¥Íªø©Ê¯à
Table 4. The growth perfermance at lactation of little cows
´ú©wÀY¼Æ
No.of cows |
¥X¥ÍÅé«
Weight at birth |
Â÷¨ÅÅé«
Weight at weaning period |
¥§¡ÀY¤é¼W«
Average daily gain |
¡ñ(n:235) |
30.4±2.4 |
170±18 |
0.65±0.04 |
¡ð(n:189) |
28.7±1.9 |
150±15 |
0.55±0.04 |
¡@
ªí5.¥xÆW¤ô¤ûªºÅé«(¤½¤ç)
Table.5. Body weight at various age of Taiwan water buffalo (¢V)
¦~ ÄÖ |
¶¯ |
»Û |
¥ §¡
Average |
Age |
¡ñ |
¡ð |
¡ñ |
¡ð |
¥X ¥Í
In born |
28-38 |
26.5-32 |
30.4 |
28.7 |
Â÷¨Å205¤Ñ
Weaning Period 205 days |
155-190 |
140-165 |
170 |
150 |
¤@·³ÄÖ
1 year |
211-260 |
198-225 |
230 |
200 |
¤G·³ÄÖ
2 years |
375-425 |
335-375 |
410 |
350 |
¤T·³ÄÖ
3 years |
460-560 |
380-450 |
520 |
420 |
¥|·³ÄÖ
4 years |
530-620 |
430-500 |
580 |
460 |
¤·³ÄÖ
5 years |
580-650 |
460-530 |
620 |
500 |
¡@
ªí6. ¤ô¤û¦×¥Î¤p¤½¤û(20¤ëÄÖ)±OÅé©Êª¬
Table 8. The carcass characteristics of water buffalo
¦~ÄÖ
Age |
©Ê§O
sex |
½Õ¬dÀY¼Æ |
¬¡Åé«(¢V)
Body weight |
±O®_²v
Dressing |
½G¦×²v
Lean meat |
¤À¤Á¥¢«
Weight loss
after cutting |
¡@ |
¡@ |
¡@ |
¡@ |
¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w % ¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w |
2Y. |
¡ñ |
450 |
50.5 |
35.8 |
2.25 |
¡@ |
¡@¡@
°Ñ¦Ò¤åÄm
¬f짵¤Ò¡C1984¡C¤ô¤û¡B¼ö±a¹A·~nÄý¡CN0.5¡G81¡ã120¡C
¤ô¤û¹}¾iºÞ²z¡C1981¡C¤K¸U¹A·~«Ø³]¤jx°V½m±Ð§÷¡App.4¡ã5¡App.16¡ã17¡App.26¡ã30¡App.34¡C
·Å¤W´ð¡C1975¡C¸t¹F¦×¤û»P¥»¬Ù¶À¤û¯Å¶i¨|ºØ¸ÕÅç¡C¯b²£¬ã¨s7(2)¡G43¡ã48¡C
·Å¤W´ð¡B¶À¬F»ô¡B§dùÚ²»¡B³¯©[·Ó¡BªL¥úµØ¡C±i·çµ^»P³¯¥É¿P¡C1984¡C¸t¹F¦×¤û»P¥»¬Ù¶À¤û¯Å§ï¨}¡C¤C¤Q¤T¦~¯b²£µûij·|¬ã¨s³ø§i¡App.86¡ã88.¡C
·Å¤W´ð¡B³¯¥É¿P¡B§õ¥ú´_»PĬ¦w°ê¡C1988¡C¥»¬Ù¶À¤û¤Î¦×¥Î«~ºØ¤§¦×¥Î¯à¤O¤ñ¸û¡C¤C¤Q¤C¦~¯b²£µûij·|³ø§i¡App.86¡ã88.¡C
¥xÆW¯bªªÃ~Âå¨Æ·~¾i¤û½g¡C1984¡C¤ô¤û¸gÀ竬ºA¡C¥xÆW¬Ù¬F©²¹AªLÆU½s¦L¡C«n§ë¡Cpp.49
¥xÆW¬Ù¬F©²¹AªLÆU¡C1994¡C¥xÆW¹A·~¦~³ø¡C«n§ë¡App.156¡ã159¡C
§dªQâ\¡BÀ¹ Á¾¡B¶À౹šB¾G¸Î«H¡B¤B§üÀs¡B©P¼w¬F¡C1985¡C²üÄõ¤½¤û»P¥»¬Ù¤£¦P«~ºØ¤½¤û²£¦×¯à¤O¸ÕÅç¡C74¦~«×¯b²£¸ÕÅç¤u§@³ø§i¡App.44¡ã54¡C
¬I¸q³¹¡B¼B¥ß°®¡BĬ²M¥þ¡Bµ{¤¤¦¿¡BÀ¹ Á¾¡B¶À¬F»ô¡C1993¡C¥xÆW¤ô¤û¦×¥Î©Ê¯à¤§¬ã¨s¡C¯b²£¬ã¨s26(2)¡G1¡ã8¡C
Harbers¡AF.1981.Investigations on parturition and post Parturm morbidity and mortality of
calves in the Thai Swamp Buffalo.In:Recent Adeances in buffalo Research and
Development.ASPAC(ed) . pp.156~158.
Toelihere¡AM.R.1975.Physiology of reproduction and artificial insemination of water
buffaloes. In: The Asiatic Water Buffalo. ASPAC. (ed.) pp.101~139.
Jainudeen, M.R. and E.S.E.Hafez.1987.Cattle and Water buffalo. In: Hafez E.S.E. (ed)
Reprocuction in Farm Animals. 5th Edition¡FLea&Febiger. Philadelphia. pp.297~314.
Gwazdauskas, F. C. 1985. Effects of climate on reproduction in cattle. J. Dairy
Sci.68:1568~1578.
Gwazdauskas¡AF. C., C. J. Wilcox, and W. W. Thatcher. 1975. Environmental and
managemental factors affecting conception rate in a subtropical climate. J. Dairy Sci. 58:
88~92.
[¦^¤W¶ | Åã¥Ü¦¹¤å¥ó¬°¥i¦C¦L®æ¦¡]
¦¹¤å¥ó´£¨ÑªÌ¡G agrkb - [µû¤À : 0.00 (0 ²¼¿ï) | µû¤À¡I]