序 二
現代生物科技雖能使基因相互轉移或再重組，但基因質之喪失卻很難再恢復，因此凡是生物皆應視為地球自然資源之一部份，受到同等重視及善加保存。台灣位處亞熱帶，草種甚多，但已被利用為牧草者只有少數幾種，而本省畜牧業分散各地，所須草種隨域及地劫有所不同，如中南部平地大部份種植盤固草及狼尾草，恆春墾丁則發展出當地之藍莖草，清境農場種植克育草等。然隨著工商業發展，廢棄物污染，建築物擴充，坡地開墾，致使草種消失或生態改變，農民種植之牧草常為病蟲害侵襲或耐濕性耐旱性減弱，如盤固草於秋冬季易罹患銹病，狼尾草於冬季或乾旱區產量不高，因此極須再改良或選育草種，然牧草改良包括野草牧草化須要有廣大遺傳基因質為材料才能事半功倍，搜集國內外草種擴大基因質已成為發展畜牧業努力重點之一。本所在行政院農委會及農林廳補助與指導之下建立牧草種原保存區，凡可為草食動物飼糧之草種或能將其牧草化之野生草種等皆列為保存對象，觀察登錄各草種之性狀及建立資料檔。而為亦能供各界參考，本所特將常用草種包括禾本科五十四種及豆科三十九種之資料，編輯成“台灣禾豆科牧草種原”專集，中英文對照，值此生態保育運動風起雲湧之際，期望此專集之發行能給各界人士對台灣牧草種原有深一層的認識，進而推動畜牧業更一步的發展。
戴 謙 謹 識
台灣省畜產試驗所所長
中華民國八十一年六月
Preface
II
The biotechniques play an important role in gene transfer and
recombination. Generally, the lost genes are difficult to be recovered. Any
organisms should be considered as part of the natural resoruces on the earth
and conserved cartfully. Many grass species have been found in Taiwan. which is
belong to subtropical area. However, only few of them are utilized as animal
feeds. Although Taiwan is a small island, different forage species are needed
to adapt to different areas and altitudes. For examples, pangolagrass and
napiergrass are grown in lowland areas in central and southern Taiwan, bluestem
in Hengchun and kikuyugrass on Chienching Farm. Some of forage germplasms might
be disappeared and the ecosystem changed due to industrial and commercial
development, waste pollution, building expansion and slopeland development.
Thus, wet and drought tolerances of grasses are reduced. Meanwhile, the forage
grasses grown by farmers are often infected by diseases and insects.
Pangolagrass is easily infected by rust disease in fall and winter. The forage
yield of napiergrass is poor in winter and dry season. Therefore, it is worth
to breed and improve forage species. A wide-ramge pf gemetooc resoruces is
helpful for forage breeding. To collect localand foreign species of forages and
increase genetic resources become important for forage production and animal
industry development. The germplasm nursery of forage is established at the
Taiwan Livestock Research Institute and financially supported by Council of
Agricultrue, Executive Yuan and Department of Agriculture and Forest, Taiwan
Province. All the species are conserved including the species to produce
forages for grass-eating animals and the native species which are possible to
be acclimatized to become a good species of forage. The data of agronomic
traits of the conserved species are datermined and collected. The monograph
named as "Forage Germplasms of Grasses and Legumes in Taiwan" which
covers Gramineae 54 species and Leguminosae 39 species is written in both Chinese
and English. When the work of the ecological preservation is moved very
actively, the pubilication of this monograph can provide complete information
for these people who want to learn about forage germplasms in Tqiwan. In
addition, it might help the animal industry for further development in Taiwan.
June, 1992 Chein
Tai, Ph. D.
Director General
Taiwan Livestock Research
Institute
