第四十卷(2011)
屠宰場廢水處理活性污泥之細菌多樣性分析
廖仁寶 陳若菁 蕭庭訓 吳明哲 程梅萍
行政院農業委員會畜產試驗所
本研究之目的在於探討不同齡處理屠宰場廢水活性污泥中之細菌多樣性。使用商業核酸萃取套組直接萃取污泥齡分別為7、14、21及28日之活性污泥樣品中之微生物DNA。其後以細菌16S核醣體核酸小單位基因專一性之引子進行PCR增幅放大，並將增幅片段選殖於TA選殖套組，以建立16S rRNA基因庫，並進行DNA定序與細菌多樣性分析。由4種樣品所得到312個幾乎完整16S rRNA基因的序列，其結果顯示，不同污泥齡的樣品菌相分布有差異，而所屬菌門有Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, TM7, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia及unclassified Bacteria，其中以Proteobacteria佔最多數。而在株系的操作分類單位（OTU）的分析中顯示，污泥齡28日的OTU百分比最低，表示活性污泥中的菌相漸趨簡單，以菌屬Rhodobacter最豐富，而 Rhodobacter sphaeroides 是Rhodobacter屬中最有名且用來表現蛋白質之菌種。
關鍵詞：活性污泥、微生物、細菌多樣性。
BACTERIAL DIVERSITY OF ACTIVATED SLUDGE TREATING SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTEWATER
R. B. Liaw, R. J. Chen, T. H. Hsiao, M. C. Wu and M. P. Cheng
Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
The objective of this study was to investigate the bacterial diversity of activated sludge with different sludge retention time (SRT) to treat slaughterhouse wastewater. The microbial DNA of activated sludge samples from SRT 7, 14, 21 and 28 days were extracted directly using a commercial kit and bead-beating protocol, respectively. The 16S ribosomal RNA genes of bacteria from 4 activated sludge samples were amplified with bacterial specific sets of primers by PCR. The amplicons were ligated into TA cloning vectors to construct 16S rRNA gene libraries for DNA sequencing and bacterial diversity analyses. The 312 almost full-length 16S rRNA gene clones from 4 activated sludge samples were obtained. The results indicated that the bacterial profiles comprising of Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, TM7, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and unclassified Bacteria phyla differed in SRT samples. The most of these communities belonged to Proteobacteria phylum. In OTU analysis, the OTU percentage of SRT28- day sample was low to reveal that the bacterial profile tended towards simplicity, and Rhodobacter was the majority. The Rhodobacter sphaeroides is the most famous species within Rhodobacter genus to express various proteins.
Key Words: Activated sludge, Microorganism, Bacterial diversity.
  
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