第四十二卷(2013)
抗凍劑及降溫速率對土雞冷凍精液品質之影響
林秀蓮、郭廷雍、林德育、賴永裕、吳明哲
行政院農業委員會畜產試驗所
製作冷凍精液之過程中，諸多因素對解凍後精液之受精能力影響甚密，如稀釋液種類、抗凍劑種類、保存方式、冷凍與解凍速率及解凍後對有害物質（如甘油）之移除等。目前普遍使用於家禽冷凍精液製作之方法組合包括以不同抗凍劑（甘油/DMA/DMSO）、保存方式（粒狀/安瓶/麥管）、降溫速率（快速/慢速）等，相關研究指出對家禽精液而言，以甘油/慢速降溫/麥管或DMA/快速降溫/粒狀之組合模式可提升解凍後精液各項性能表現。然以維護生物多樣性種原保存觀點而言，必須考量種原庫之生物安全性及身分辨識準確度，前者仍是較為理想之方法，惟目前尚未了解甘油對母禽生殖道不孕現象之作用機制，以甘油抗凍處理之解凍後精子性能表現雖優異，卻導致極不理想的受精率結果。故本試驗之目的為以不同濃度之DMA及DMSO取代甘油抗凍劑，並比較在不同降溫速率條件之下其對土雞精子細胞膜完整性、頭帽完整性、粒線體膜電位完整性及細胞膜脂質完整性等各項精子性能指標之差異，以作為修正土雞冷凍精液製作之參考依據。
關鍵語：土雞、頭帽完整性、粒線體膜電位
COMPARISONS OF DIFFERNET CRYOPROTECTANTS AND FREEZING RATES ON CHICKEN SEMEN CRYOPRESERVATION
H. L. Lin, T. Y. Kuo, D. Y. Lin, Y. Y. Lai and M. C. Wu
Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taiwan
There are many related factors could affect the results of semen cryopreservation, such as the different cryoprotectants, packagings, freezing and thawing rates. Several studies showed that the best performances of chicken thawing semen obtained from semen frozen by using glycerol/straws/slowly or dimethyl acetamide (DMA)/pellet/rapidly freezing methods. Nevertheless, considering about cryobanking, which demands high level of biosecurity and accurate identification, the former method is still the most effective way to preserve avian semen. However, the mechanism of glycerol which causes the contraception to females is still unclear. Even glycerol-exposed semen remains very good quality after thawing, but it always leads to terrible fertility rates. Hence, the purpose of this study was to use different levels of DMA and DMSO to replace glycerol cryoprotectant, and then freezing semen with different rates to evaluate the membrane integrity, acrosome membrane integrity, mitochondrial function and membrane phospholipid function of chicken thawing semen. The result index could be the useful reference to modify the methods of chicken semen cryopreservation in the future.
Key Words: Native chicken, Acrosome integrity, Mitochondria integrity
  
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