第四十三卷(2014)
純種豬檢定之同胎公豬生長性狀整齊度研究
吳明哲(1)、賴永裕(1)、顏念慈(1)、郭廷雍(1)、陳佳萱(1)、陳美如(1)、蔡秀容(1)、黃英豪(1)、 林鴻霖(2)、王受鎔(2)、謝明學(2)、林欽德(2)、林正祥(2)、陳培梅(3)、王忠恕(3)
(1)行政院農業委員會畜產試驗所 (2)中央畜產會種豬檢定站 (3)行政院農業委員會畜牧處
血統登錄的純種杜洛克、藍瑞斯及約克夏品種之仔公豬於新化檢定站進行生長性能檢定。開檢體重為40公斤，完檢體重為110公斤，180日齡前須完檢。檢定期間之日增重及飼料效率為實測值，完檢三點背部脂肪厚度平均並矯正至110公斤體重。於2005年起之選拔指數公式，分別是杜洛克品種用的SI=100 + 120ADG – 55FE – 50BF，與藍瑞斯及約克夏品種用的SI=100 + 140ADG – 60FE – 30BF。完檢公豬之選拔指數為100以上的，取得血統登錄號及產肉能力登錄號，視為檢定合格豬。仔公豬送檢時，一胎2頭或4頭進站，故檢定合格登錄頭數為0、2或4頭之胎數所占百分比，可作為遺傳表現之生長性狀整齊度指標。檢定合格登錄公豬是來自同胎且有3或4頭之比率，在杜洛克品種依其出生年是2010的有7.7%及2013年生的有15.6%；在藍瑞斯品種依其出生年是2010的有3.7%及2013年生的有8.8%；在約克夏品種依其出生年是2010的有3.2%及2013年生的有10.7%。因此，種豬場重視一胎送檢4公之同胎整齊度必要性，是利於其種豬群遺傳改良。純種杜洛克、藍瑞斯及約克夏品種之仔公豬於2010年出生的同胎公豬生長性狀整齊度分別為50.2%、58.8%及44.7%；於2013年出生的同胎公豬生長性狀整齊度分別為60.4%、61.0%及52.8%。根據上述資料，讓種豬場增加每胎送檢公豬頭數或全胎檢定結果，可作為各品種內選拔品系性能變異度降低之依循用。
關鍵語：種豬、選育、生長性狀
STUDY ON GROWTH TRAIT UNIFORMITY OF LITTERMATE BOARS UNDER SWINE PUREBRED PERFORMANCE TEST
M. C. Wu(1), Y. Y. Lai(1), N. T. Yen(1), T. Y. Kuo(1), C. H. Chen(1), M. L. Chen(1), H. L. Tsai(1), I. H. Hwang(1), H. R. Lin(2), H. L. Wang(2), M. S. Shueh(2), C. T. Lin(2), C. H. Lin(2), P. M. Chen(3) and C. S. Wang(3)
(1)Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture; (2)Swine Growth Performance Test Station, National Animal Industry Foundation; (3)Animal Industry Division, Council of Agriculture
Purebred Duroc, Yorkshire and Landrace boars with registered parent(s) were performance tested at Hsinhua Station. The starting weight for the test set around 40 kg and off-tested on the weight of 110 kg or by 180 days of age during all test periods. The average daily gain, feed efficiency and back fat thickness of boars were recorded and evaluated as a contemporary group deviation to the mean of each breed for selection index calculation purposes. Selection index of 2005 version for Duroc was SI=100 + 120ADG – 55FE – 50BF, and for Landrace and Yorkshire was SI=100 + 140ADG – 60FE – 30BF. Off-tested boars with selection index 100 or above were then giving both pedigree registration (PR) and growth performance registration (GR). Each litter should have 2 or 4 littermate boars in test, therefore, percentage of litters having 0, 2 or 4 littermate boars with GR could be designated as growth trait uniformity. In those of GR Duroc boars, percentage of litter with 3 or 4 littermates were 7.7% of year 2010 born and 15.6% of year 2013 born. In Landrace, there were 3.7% of year 2010 born and 8.8% of year 2013 born. In Yorkshire, there were 3.2% of year 2010 born and 10.7% of year 2013 born. Swine breeder farms accepted the essential key to improve stock performance by focusing on littermate uniformity. In year 2010 born boars, there were 50.2%, 58.8% and 44.7% of growth trait uniformity in Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire, respectively. In year 2013 born boars, there were 60.4%, 61.0% and 52.8% of growth trait uniformity in Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire, respectively. Based upon results, an increase of littermate boars or whole litter for the test would be served as a guideline for variation reduction of selected lines within breed in each breeding farm.
Key Words: Breeding pig, Selection, Growth trait.
  
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