我國微生物遺傳資源管理相關法規
1.風險微生物管制法規
(1) 衛生署
A.「傳染病防治法」明訂法定第一類至第四類法定病原種類及其防治措施。
法定傳染病及其分類(傳染病防治法) :
第一類傳染病︰霍亂、鼠疫、黃熱病、狂犬病、伊波拉病毒出血熱。
第二類傳染病︰
甲種︰流行性斑疹傷寒、白喉、流行性腦脊髓膜炎、傷寒、副傷寒、炭疽病。
乙種︰小兒麻痺症、桿菌性痢疾、阿米巴性痢疾、開放性肺結核。
第三類傳染病︰
甲種︰登革熱、瘧疾、麻疹、急性病毒性A型肝炎、腸道出血性大腸桿菌感染症、腸病毒感染併發重症。
乙種︰結核病(除開放性肺結核外) 、日本腦炎、癩病、德國麻疹、先天性德國麻疹症候群、百日咳、猩紅熱、破傷風、恙蟲病、急性病毒性肝炎(除A型外) 、腮腺炎、水痘、退伍軍人病、侵襲性b型嗜血桿菌感染症、梅毒、淋病、流行性感冒。
四第四類傳染病︰其他傳染病或新感染症,經中央主管機關認為有依本法施
行防治之必要時,得適時指定之。
B. 疾管局公告「病原微生物危險分級」。
附件四、病原微生物依其危險性為基礎之分類
(參考1999 年5 月,NIH Guidelines for research involving recombinant DNAmolecules)
甲、第一級危險群(Risk group 1 , RG1)微生物
第一級危險群微生物與人類健康成人之疾病無關。例如不產生內孢子之Bacillus licheniformis, Escherichia coli-K12, adeno-associated virus 第一型至第四型,及重組的不含潛在致癌基因產物或毒素之adeno-associated virus,且在無輔助病毒存在下進行培養。
乙、第二級危險群(Risk group 2 , RG2)微生物
第二級危險群微生物在人類所引起的疾病很少是嚴重的,而且通常有預防及治療的方法。
(一)細菌包括披衣菌
1.Acinetobacter baumannii(以前稱為Acinetobacter calcoaceticus)
2.Actinobacillus
3.Acinomyces pyogenes(以前稱為Corynebacterium pyogenes)
4.Aeromonas hydrophila
5.Amycolata autotrophica
6.Archanobacterium haemolyticum(以前稱為Corynebacterium haemolyticum)
7.Arizona hinshawii(所有血清型)
8.Bordetella 包括B. pertussis
9.Borrelia recurrentis, B. burgdorferi
10.Burkholderia(以前稱為Pseudomonas species;列於第三級危險群者除外)
11.Campylobacter coli, C. fetus, C. jejuni
12.Chlamydia psittaci, C. trachomatis, C. pneumoniae
13.Clostridium botulinum, Cl. chauvoei, Cl. haemolyticum, Cl. histolyticum, Cl.
novyi, Cl. septicum, Cl. tetani
14.Corynebacterium diphtheriae, C. pseudotuberculosis, C. renale
15.Dermatophilus congolensis
16.Edwardsiella tarda
17.Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
18.Escherichia coli(所有腸致病性、腸致毒性、腸侵襲性及攜帶有K1 抗原的菌株,包括E. coli O157:H7)
19.Haemophilus ducreyi, H. influenzae
20.Helicobacter pylori
21.Klebsiella(除K. oxytoca(RG1)以外之所有菌株)
22.Legionella 包括L. pneumophila
23.Leptospira interrogans(所有血清型)
24.Listeria
25.Moraxella
26.Mycobacterium(除了列於第三級危險群者)包括M. avium complex, M.asiaticum, M. bovis BCG vaccine strain, M. chelonei, M. fortuitum, M.kansasii, M. leprae, M. malmoense, M. marinum, M. paratuberculosis, M.scrofulaceum, M. simiae, M. szulgai, M. ulcerans, M. xenopi
27.Mycoplasma(M. mycoides 及M. agalactiae 除外)
28.Neisseria gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis
29.Nocardia asteroides, N. brasiliensis, N. otitidiscaviarum, N. transvaiensis
30.Rhodococcus equi
33.Salmonella 包括S. arizonae, S. cholerasuis, S. enteritidis, S.gallinarum-pullorum, S. meleagridis, S. paratyphi, A, B, C, S. typhi, S.typhimurium
31.Shigella 包括S. boydii, S. dysenteriae, type 1, S. flexneri, S. sonnei
32.Sphaerophorus necrophorus
33.Staphylococcus aureus
34.Streptobacillus moniliformis
35.Streptococcus 包括S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes
36.Treponema pallidum, T. carateum
37.Vibrio cholerae, V. parahemolyticus, V. vulnificus
38.Yersinia enterocolitica
(二)真菌
1.Blastomyces dermatitidis
2.Cladosporium bantianum, C.(Xylohypha)trichoides
3.Cryptococcus neoformans
4.Dactylaria galopava(Ochroconis gallopavum)
5.Epidermophyton
6.Exophiala(Wangiella)dermatitidis
7.Fonsecaea pedrosoi
8.Microsporum
9.Paracoccidioides braziliensis
10.Penicillium marneffei
11.Sporothrix schenckii
12.Trichophyton
(三)寄生蟲
1.Ancylostoma human hookworms 包括A. duodenale, A. ceylanicum
2.Ascaris 包括Ascaris lumbricoides suum
3.Babesia 包括B. divergens, B. microti
4.Brugia filaria worms 包括B. malayi, B. timori
5.Coccidia
6.Cryptosporidium 包括C. parvum
7.Cysticercus cellulosae(hydatid cyst, larva of T. solium)
8.Echinococcus 包括E. granulosis, E. multilocularis, E. vogeli
9.Entamoeba histolytica
10.Enterobius
11.Fasciola 包括F. gigantica, F. hepatica
12.Giardia 包括G. lamblia
13.Heterophyes
14.Hymenolepis 包括H. diminuta, H. nana
15.Isospora
16.Leishmania 包括L. braziliensis, L. donovani, L. ethiopia, L. major, L.mexicana, L. peruvania, L. tropica
17.Loa loa filaria worms
18.Microsporidium
19.Naegleria fowleri
20.Necator human hookworms 包括N. americanus
21.Onchocerca filaria worms 包括O. volvulus
22.Plasmodium 包括引起猿猴類疾病之P. cynomologi, P. falciparum, P.malariae, P. ovale, P. vivax
23.Sarcocystis 包括S. sui hominis
24.Schistosoma 包括S. haematobium, S. intercalatum, S. japonicum, S. mansoni,S. mekongi
25.Strongyloides 包括S. stercoralis
26.Taenia solium
27.Toxocara 包括T. canis
28.Toxoplasma 包括T. gondii
29.Trichinella spiralis
30.Trypanosoma 包括T. brucei brucei, T. brucei gambiense, T. brucei rhodesiense,T. cruzi
31.Wuchereria bancrofti filaria worms
(四)病毒
1.Adenoviruses, human-all types
2.Arenaviruses
a. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus(non-neurotropic strains)
b. Tacaribe virus complex
c.其他被特別引述而列名之病毒
3.Bunyaviruses
a. Bunyamwera virus
b. Rift Valley fever virus vaccine strain MP-12
c.其他被特別引述而列名之病毒
4.Calciviruses
5.Coronaviruses
6.Flaviviruses
a. Dengue virus serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4
b. Yellow fever virus vaccine strain 17D
c.其他被特別引述而列名之病毒
7.Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E viruses
8.Herpesviruses(Herpesvirus simiae(Monkey B virus)除外)
a. Cytomegalovirus
b. Epstein Barr virus
c. Herpes simplex types 1 and 2
d. Herpes zoster
e. Human herpesvirus types 6 and 7
9.Orthomyxoviruses
a. Influenza viruses types A, B, and C
b.其他被特別引述而列名之壁蝨攜帶正黏液病毒
10.Papovaviruses
a. All human papilloma viruses
11.Paramyxoviruses
a. Newcastle disease virus
b. Measles virus
c. Mumps virus
d. Parainfluenza viruses types 1, 2, 3, and 4
e. Respiratory syncytial virus
12.Parvoviruses
a. Human parvovirus(B19)
13.Picornaviruses
a. Coxsackie viruses types A and B
b. Echoviruses-all types
c. Polioviruses-all types, wild and attenuated
d. Rhinoviruses-all types
14.Poxviruses (Monkeypox virus 及被管制的Alastrim, Smallpox 與Whitepox除外)
15.Reoviruses 包括Coltivirus, human Rotavirus 及Orbivirus(Colorado tick fevervirus)
16.Rhabdoviruses
a. Rabies virus-all strains
b. Vesicular stomatitis virus-實驗室調適的病毒株包括VSV-Indiana, SanJuan 及Glasgow
17.Togaviruses
a. Rubivirus(rubella)
b. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus
c. Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis vaccine strain TC-83
d. Western equine encephalomyelitis virus
丙、第三級危險群(Risk group 3 , RG3)微生物
第三級危險群微生物在人類可以引起嚴重或致死的疾病,可能有預防及治療之方法。
(一) 細菌包括立克次氏菌
1.Bacillus anthracis
2..Bartonella henselae, B. quintana, B. vinsonii
3..Brucella 包括B. abortus, B. canis, B. suis
4.Burkholderia(Pseudomonas)mallei, B. pseudomallei
5.Coxiella burnetii
6.Francisella tularensis
7.Mycobacterium bovis(但BCG 除外), M. tuberculosis
8.Pasteurella multocida type B - "buffalo" and other virulent strains
9.Rickettsia akari, R. australis, R. canada, R. conorii, R. prowazekii, R. rickettsii,R. siberica, R. tsutsugamushi, R. typhi(R. mooseri)
10.Yersinia pestis
(二)真菌
1.Coccidioides immitis(sporulating cultures;contaminated soil)
2.Histoplasma capsulatum, H. capsulatum var ..duboisii
(三)寄生蟲
無
(四)病毒與變性蛋白(Prions)
1.Arenaviruses
a. Flexal
b. Lymphocytic chotiomeningitis vitus(LCM)(neurotropic strains)
2.Bunyaviruses
a. Hantaviruses 包括Hantaan virus
b. Rift Valley fever virus
3.Flaviviruses
a. Japanese encephalitis virus
b. Yellow fever virus
c.其他被特別引述而列名之病毒
4.Poxviruseees
a. Monkeypox virus
5.Prions
a. Transmissible spongioform encephalopathies ( TME ) agents(Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease and kuru agents)
6.Retroviruses
a. Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)types 1 and 2
b. Human T cell lymphotropic virus(HTLV)types 1 and 2
c. Simian immunodeficiency virus(SIV)
7.Rhabdoviruses
a. Vesicular stomatitis virus
8.Togaviruses
a. Semliki Forest virus
b. Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus(TC-83 疫苗株除外)
c.其他被特別引述而列名之病毒
丁、第四級危險群(Risk group 4 , RG4)微生物
第四級危險群微生物在人類可以引起嚴重或致死的疾病,但通常無預防及治療之方法。
(一)細菌
無
(二)真菌
無
(三)寄生蟲
無
(四)病毒
1.Arenaviruses
a. Guanarito virus
b. Lassa virus
c. Junin virus
d. Machupo virus
e. Sabia
2.Bunyaviruses(Nairovirus)
a. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
3.Filoviruses
a. Ebola virus
b. Marburg virus
4.Flaviruses
a. Tick-borne encephalitis virus complex 包括Absetterov, Central European
encephalitis, Hanzalova, Hypr, Kumlinge, Kyasanur Forest disease, Omsk
hemorrhagic fever 及Russian spring-summer encephalitis viruses
5.Herpesviruses(alpha)
a. Herpesvirus simiae(Herpes B 或Monkey B virus)
6.Paramyxoviruses
a. Equine morbillivirus
7.Hemorrhagic fever agents and viruses as yet undefined
戊、通用的動物病原性病毒
下列實驗室中常用的動物病原性病毒與健康成人之疾病無關。通常RG1 級的防護等級即可。但對murine leukemia virus 之amphotropic 及xenotropic 病毒株,建議於RG2 級之防護等級下進行實驗。
1.Baculoviruses
2.Herpesviruses
a. Herpesvirus ateles
b. Herpesvirus saimiri
c. Marek’s disease virus
d. Murine cytomegalovirus
3.Papovaviruses
a. Bovine papilloma virus
b. Polyoma virus
c. Shope papilloma virus
d. Simian virus 40(SV40)
4.Retroviruses
a. Avian leukosis virus
b. Avian sarcoma virus
c. Bovine leukemia virus
d. Feline leukemia virus
e. Feline sarcoma virus
f. Gibbon leukemia virus
g. Mason-Pfizer monkey virus
h. Mouse mammary tumor virus
i. Murine leukemia virus
j. Murine sarcoma virus
k. Rat leukemia virus
B.「食品衛生管理辦法」規範食品衛生管理。
第十一條食品或食品添加物有左列情形之一者,不得製造、調配、加工、販賣、貯存、輸入、輸出、贈與或公開陳列:
四、染有病原菌者。
C..環保署依據「環境用藥管理法」
第二十七條環境用藥微生物製劑於各生態、水源等保育或保護區之運作及管理,應由中央主管機關會商有關機關核定並公告之。
第二十八條以遺傳工程或其他技術改造微生物個體或其新陳代謝產物從事環境用藥微生物製劑開發試驗研究之管理辦法,由中央主管機關定之。
第二十九條環境用藥微生物製劑如致污染環境、危害生態或人體健康時,其負責人或實際運作人,應立即採取緊急防治措施,並至遲於二小時內,報知當地主管機關。主管機關得立即禁止與該污染有關之運作。
「遺傳工程環境用藥微生物製劑開發試驗研究管理辦法」
第一條本辦法依環境用藥管理法第二十八條規定訂定之。
第二條利用遺傳工程等技術改造微生物個體或其新陳代謝產物,從事環境用藥微生物製劑之開發試驗研究者,應依本辦法之規定辦理。但篩選天然菌種從事環境用藥微生物製劑之開發試驗研究者,不在此限。
第三條本辦法所稱微生物係指病毒、細菌、放線菌、酵母菌、絲狀真菌、蕈類、原生動物及單細胞藻類、未分化之動物或植物細胞(例如細胞系、組織培養物)、遺傳工程中之融合細胞、轉形細胞及載體(例如質體、噬菌體)、微生物變異株等。
第四條從事以產製為目的之遺傳工程環境用藥微生物製劑開發試驗研究,於環境開放試驗(即田間試驗)前,應檢附下列文件或資料,向中央主管機關申請核准後,始得為之:
一、試驗機構名稱、主持人及參與人員。
二、遺傳工程環境用藥微生物製劑開發試驗研究計畫、試驗內容。
三、使用之微生物來源、類別、學名或名稱。
四、緊急處理計畫。
五、試驗區域、緊急避難室位置略圖及配置略圖。
六、物理性或生物性之防護說明。
七、安全操作裝置。
八、週遭環境保護措施說明。
中央主管機關於受理前項申請後,得邀請專家審查,經審查結論不適為從事該開發試驗研究者,中央主管機關得不予核准。
第五條遺傳工程環境用藥微生物製劑開發試驗研究之機構,於從事環境開放試驗開始前,應授予參與人員有關知能,並應作成紀錄,供主管機關查核。
前項有關知能係指瞭解危害之意外處理、物理性與生物性防護之知識及技術、環境開放試驗實施的危險程度及其他有關應有之知識。
第六條為確保開發試驗研究之安全,應以微生物試驗室所用之一般標準試驗方法作基礎,並視環境開放試驗之危險程度實施必要之物理性與生物性防護。
第七條開發試驗研究過程所產生之感染性與非感染性廢棄物或廢水,應依環保相關法令規定辦理。
第八條遺傳工程環境用藥微生物製劑開發試驗研究者,應將下列資料自環境開放試驗結束日起保存十年,必要時,主管機關得令其提報之。
一、本開發試驗研究計畫之摘要資料。
二、關於安全設施與試驗完畢後事後處理之資料。
「環境用藥微生物製劑用於生態水源保育或保護區運作管理要點」
一、行政院環境保護署為落實環境用藥管理法(以下簡稱本法)第二十七條之規定,執行環境用藥微生物製劑於各生態、水源等保育或保護區之運作及管理,特訂定本要點。
二、本要點所稱生態、水源等保育或保護區,係指依文化資產保存法所劃定公告之自然保留區、依野生動物保育法所劃定公告之野生動物保護區、依森林法所劃定公告之國有林自然保護區、依國家公園法所劃定公告之國家公園、依自來水法所劃定公告之水源水質水量保護區或依飲用水管理條例所劃定公告之飲用水水源水質保護區。
三、環境用藥微生物製劑用於生態、水源等保育或保護區,其年使用量大於一百公斤(公升)者,應先經當地主管機關審查核轉中央主管機關核准後始得為之。
四、主管機關為審理環境用藥微生物劑用於生態、水源等保育或保護區者申請核准案件,得邀請專家學者審查並會商相關主管機關,經審查認為不應使用者,主管機關應不予核准。
五、申請核准於生態、水源等保育或保護區使用環境用藥微生物製劑者,應提下列文件或資料:
申請人之證明文件影本乙份。
環境用藥微生物製劑施用計畫書,內容至少應包括:
環境用藥微生物製劑之名稱、有效成分含量、微生物活菌數或效力單位、使用量及使用範圍面積。
施用時間。
施用方法。
施用時及施用後應注意事項。
其他應注意事項。
六、使用環境用藥微生物製劑於生態、水源等保育或保護區者,應將前項經核准後之施用計畫書,自施用結束日起保存十年,必要時主管機關得令其提報之。
「一四八種微生物為不列管之環境用藥污染防治用微生物製劑,不適用環境用藥管理法之規定」規範了環境用微生物的使用。
序號微生物種類微生物名稱
(2) 農委會
A. 依據「植物防疫檢疫法」第十六條第二項規定,動植物防疫檢疫局於92 年10 月24 日公告在「中華民國輸入植物或植物產品檢疫規定」下增訂管制有害生物名單。依目前新增檢疫條件,規範之管制有害微生物種類包含32 種細菌類(bacterium)、77 種真菌類(fungus)、475種病毒類(virus)及植物菌質體類(phytoplasma)。
中華民國輸入植物或植物產品檢疫規定
乙、有條件輸入植物或植物產品之檢疫條件
依據:植物防疫檢疫法第十六條第二項規定。
十、輸入之植物或植物產品經檢疫結果證明有下列有害生物存在,應經適當之檢疫處理,確定該有害生物完全滅除後,始得輸入。無適當之檢疫處理方式可滅除該有害生物時,應予退運或銷燬。行政院農業委員會動植物防疫檢疫局得對下列有害生物之上一分類群(Taxa)有害生物採取檢疫處理措施。
細菌類Bacteria(54 種)
Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae
Agrobacterium larrymoorei
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Agrobacterium vitis
Burkholderia andropogonis
Burkholderia caryophylli
Burkholderia gladioli pv.gladioli
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. Indidiosus
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens subsp. flaccumfaciens
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens subsp. poinsettiae
Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica
Erwinia chrysanthemi
Erwinia herbicola pv. gypsophilae
Erwinia pyrifoliae
Erwinia rhapontici
Erwinia salicis
Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli(原Clavibacter xyli subsp. xyli)
Liberobacter asiaticum
Pantoea stewartii
Potato leaflet stunt bacterium
Pseudomonas corrugata
Pseudomonas lignicola
Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola
Pseudomonas syringae pv. eriobotryae
Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola
Pseudomonas syringae pv. morprunorum
Pseudomonas syringae pv. papulans
Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi
Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci
Pseudomonas viridiflava
Ralstonia solanacearum Race3
Xanthomonas acernea
Xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.begoniae
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. poinsettiicola
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vignicola
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vitians
Xanthomonas cucurbitae
Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciae
Xanthomonas fragariae
Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae
Xanthomonas hortorum pv. perlargonii
Xanthomonas hyacinthi
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola
Xanthomonas transluscens pv. transluscens
Xanthomonas theicola
Xanthomonas populi
真菌類Fungi(77 種)
Alternaria gaisen
Anisogramma anomala
Apiosporina morbosa
Atropellis piniphila
Botryosphaeria laricina
Calonectria ilicicola
Ceratocystis fagacearum
Ceratocystis fimbriata
Chrysomyxa abietis
Chrysomyxa ledi
Ciborinia camelliae
Cronartium coleosporioides
Cronartium flaccidum
Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme
Cronartium himalayense
Cronartium kamtschaticum
Cronartium quercuum
Cryphonectria parasitica
Diaporthe mali
Diaporthe phaseolorum
Diaporthe tanakae
Diaporthe vaccinii
Didymella ligulicola
Elsinoe australis
Endocronartium harknessii
Eutypa lata
Fusarium subglutinans
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.
Gaeumannomyces graminis
Gibberella circinata
Gremmeniella abietina
Gymnosporangium asiaticum
Gymnosporangium clavipes
Gymnosporangium fuscum
Gymnosporangium globosum
Gymnosporangium yamadae
Lachnellula willkommii
Leptosphaeria maculans
Leptosphaeria nodorum
Macrophomina phaseolina
Melampsora farlowii
Monilinia fructigena
Nectria galligena
Nectria mauritiicola
Nectriella pironii
Ophiostoma novo-ulmi
Ophiostoma ulmi
Ophiostoma wageneri
Peronosclerospora maydis
Peronosclerospora sacchari
Phoma andigena
Phoma exigua var. foveata
Phoma tracheiphila
Phomopsis viticola
Phomopsis vitimegaspora
Phomopsis vitimegasora
Phymatotrichopsis omnivora
Phytophthora fragariae
Phytophthora ramorum
Puccinia gladioli
Puccinia mccleanii
Puccinia pittieriana
Rigidioporus lignosus
Sclerotium cepivorum
Septoria lycopersici
Stenocarpella maydis
Thecaphora solani
Tilletia barclayana
Tilletia indica
Trachysphaera fructigena
Uredo dioscoreae-alatae
Uredo gladioli-buettneri
Urocystis agropyri
Urocystis tritici
Valsa ambiens
Verticillium alboatrum
Verticillium dahliae
病毒類Virus(440 種)
Abutilon mosaic virus (AbMV) (Geminiviridae, Begomovirus)
Ageratum yellow vein virus (AYVV) (Geminiviridae, Begomovirus)
African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) (Geminiviridae, Begomovirus)
Agropyron mosaic virus (AgMV) (Potyviridae, Bymovirus)
Alfalfa cryptic virus 1 (ACV-1) (Partitiviridae, alphacryptovirus)
Alfalfa enation virus
Alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV) (Bromoviridae, alfamovirus)
Alsike clover vein mosaic virus
Alstroemeria mosaic virus (AlMV) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Amaranthus leaf mottle virus (AmLMV) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
American plum line pattern virus (APLPV) (Bromoviridae, Ilarvirus)
Andean potato latent virus (APLV) (Tymovirus)
Andean potato mottle virus (APMoV) (Comoviridae, Comovirus)
Anthoxanthum latent blanching virus (ALBV) ( Hordeivirus)
Anthriscus yellows virus ( AYV) (Sequiviridae, waikavirus)
Apple chat fruit disease
Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) (Bromoviridae, Ilarvirus)
Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) (Pospiviroidae, Apscaviriod)
Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) (Comoviridae, Nepovirus)
Araujia mosaic virus (ArjMV) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Arracacha Virus A (AVA) (Comoviridae, Nepovirus)
Arracacha Virus B (AVB) (Comoviridae, Nepovirus)
Arracacha Virus Y (AVY) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Artichoke Italian latent virus (AILV) (Comoviridae, nepovirus)
Artichoke latent virus (ArLV) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Artichoke mottled crinkle virus (AMCV) (Tombusviridae, Tombusvirus)
Artichoke yellow ringspot virus (AYRSV) (Comoviridae, Nepovirus)
Asparagus virus 1 (AV-1) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Asparagus virus 2 (AV-2) (Bromoviridae, ilarvirus)
Asparagus virus 3 (AV-3) (Potexvirus)
Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) (Nanovirus)
Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) (Potyviridae, bymovirus)
Barley mosaic virus (BBV)
Barley yellow dwarf virus-GPV (BYDV-GPV) (Luteovirus)
Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) (Potyviridae, Bymovirus)
Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV) (Rhabdoviridae, Cytorhabdovirus)
Bean calico mosaic virus (BCaMV) (Geminiviridae, Begomovirus)
Bean common mosaic virus (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) (Geminiviridae, Begomovirus)
Bean leaf roll virus (BLRV) (Luteoviridae, luteovirus)
Bean mild mosaic virus (BMMV) (Tombusviridae, carmovirus)
Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) (Comoviridae, comovirus)
Bean rugose mosaic virus (BRMV) (Comoviridae, comovirus)
Bean southern mosaic virus (SBMV) (sobemovirus)
Bean yellow vein banding virus (BYVBV) (Umbravirus)
Beet distortion mosaic virus
Beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV) (Luteoviridae, luteovirus)
Beet mosaic virus (BtMV) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Beet soil-borne virus (BSBV) (Pomovirus)
Beet western yellows virus (BWYV) (Luteoviridae, luteovirus)
Beet yellows virus ( BYV) (Closteroviridae, closterovirus)
Beet yellow stunt virus ( BYSV) (Closteroviridae, closterovirus)
Beet curly top virus (BCTV) (Geminiviridae, Curtomovirus)
Beet leaf curl virus (BLCV) (Rhabdoviridae)
Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) (Benyvirus)
Belladonna mottle virus (BeMV) (Tymovirus)
Bermuda grass etched-line virus (BELV) (Marafivirus)
Bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus (BYVMV) (Geminiviridae, Begomovirus)
Bidens mosaic virus (BiMV) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Bidens mottle virus (BiMoV)(Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Black raspberry latent ilarvirus
Black raspberry necrosis virus (BRNV)
Blackcurrant reversion associated virus (BRAV) (Comoviridae, Nepovirus)
Blueberry leaf mottle virus (BLMoV) (Comoviridae, Nepovirus)
Blueberry necrotic shock virus (BlShV ) (ilarvirus)
Blueberry red ringspot virus (BRRV) (Caulimoviridae, caulimovirus)
Blueberry scorch virus (BBScV) (carlavirus)
Blueberry shoestring virus (BSSV) (sobemovirus)
Broad bean B virus
Broad bean necrosis virus (BBNV) (Pomovirus)
Broad bean severe chlorosis virus (Closteroviridae, closterovirus)
Broad bean stain virus(BBSV) (Comoviridae, comovirus)
Broad bean true mosaic virus (BBTMV) (Comoviridae, comovirus)
Broad bean wilt virusd (BBWV) (Comoviridae, fabavirus)
Broad bean yellow ringspot virus
Broad bean yellow vein virus (Rhabdoviridae,cytorhabdovirus)
Broccoli necrotic yellows virus (BNYV) (Rhabdoviridae, cytorhabdovirus)
Brome mosaic virus (BMV) (Bromoviridae, bromovirus)
Brome streak mosaic virus (BrStMV) (Potyviridae, Tritimovirus)
Burdock mosaic virus
Burdock mottle virus
Burdock yellows virus (BuYV) (Closteroviridae, closterovirus)
Cacao necrosis virus (CNV) (Comoviridae, nepovirus)
Cacao swollen shoot virus (CSSV) (Caulimoviridae, badnavirus)
Cacao yellow mosaic virus (CYMV) (Tymovirus)
Cactus virus (CV-2) (Carlavirus)
Canna yellow mottle VIRUS (CaYMV) (Caulimoviridae, badnavirus)
Caper latent virus (CapLV) (Carlavirus)
Cardamine chlorotic fleck virus (CCFV) (Tombusviridae, carmovirus)
Cardamom mosaic virus (CdMV) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Carnation cryptic virus 1(CCV-1) (Partitiviridae, alphacryptovirus)
Carnation etched ring virus (CERV) (Cualimoviridae, caulimovirus)
Carnation Italian ringspot virus (CIRV) (Tombusviridae, tombusvirus)
Carnation latent virus (CLV) (Carlavirus)
Carnation mottle virus (CarMV) (Carmovirus)
Carnation necrotic fleck virus (CNFV) (Clostreoviridae, closterovirus)
Carnation ringspot virus (CRSV) (Tombusviridae, dianthovirus)
Carnation vein mottle virus (CVMoV) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Carrot latent virus (CtLV) (Rhabdoviridae, nucleorhabdovirus)
Carrot mottle mimic virus (CmoMV) (Umbravirus)
Carrot mottle virus (CMoV) (Umbravirus)
Carrot red leaf virus (CtRLV) ( Luteoviridae, luteovirus)
Carrot temperate virus 1 (CteV-1) (Partitiviridae, alphacryptovirus)
Carrot temperate virus 2 (CteV-2) (Partitiviridae, betacryptovirus)
Carrot temperate virus 3 (CteV-3) (Partitiviridae, alphacryptovirus)
Carrot temperate virus 4 (CteV-4) (Partitiviridae, alphacryptovirus)
Carrot thin leaf virus (CTLV) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) (Bromoviridae, Bromovirus)
Cowpea golden mosaic virus (CPGMV) (Geminiviridae, Begomovirus)
Cowpea green vein-banding virus (CGVBV) (Potyviridae, Potyvirus)
Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) (Comoviridae, Comovirus)
Cowpea rugose mosaic virus (CPRMV) (Potyviridae, Potyvirus)
Cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV) (Comoviridae, Comovirus)
Cowpea stunt virus (Luteovirus)
Cassava African mosaic virus (ACMV) (Geminiviridae, bigeminivirus)
Cassava green mottle virus (CaGMV) (Comoviridae, nepovirus)
Cassava Indian mosaic virus (ICMV) (Geminiviridae,bigeminivirus)
Cassava Ivorian bacilliform virus (CsIBV) (Ourmiavirus)
Cassava virus X (CsVX) (Potexvirus)
Cassia mosaic virus
Cassia ringspot virus
Cassia yellow blotch virus (CYBV) (Bromoviridae, bromovirus)
Cassia yellow spot virus (CasYSV) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) (Caulimoviridae, caulimovirus)
Celery mosaic virus (CeMV) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Cereal northern mosaic virus (NCMV) (cytorhabdovirus)
Cassava brown streak virus (CsBSV) (Potyviridae, Ipomovirus)
Cassava common mosaic virus (CsCMV) (Potexvirus)
Cereal chlorotic mosaic virus (CCMoV) (Rhabdoviridae)
Cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV) (Foveavirus)
Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) (Comoviridae, Nepovirus)
Cherry mottle leaf virus (CMLV) (Trichovirus)
Cherry rasp leaf virus (CRLV) (Comoviridae, Nepovirus)
Cherry virus A (CVA) (Capillovirus)
Chickpea bushy dwarf virus (CpBDV) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Chickpea distortion mosaic virus (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Chicory virus (ChVX)( potexvirus)
Chicory yellow mottle virus (ChYMV)(Comovirirdae, nepovirus)
Chino del tomate virus (CdTV) (Geminiviridae, bigeminivirus)
Chloris striate mosaic virus (CSMV)( (Geminiviridae, monogeminivirus)
Chrysanthemum virus B (CVB) (Carlavirus)
Citrus blight disease
Citrus leprosis virus (CiLV) (Rhabdoviridae)
Citrus yellow mosaic virus (CiYMV) (Caulimoviridae, Badnavirus)
Citrus leaf rugose virus (CiLRV) (Rhabdoviridae, ilarvirus)
Citrus ringspot virus
Citrus variegation virus (CVV) (Bromoviridae, ilarvirus)
Clitoria yellow vein virus ( CYVV) (Tymovirus)
Clover mild mosaic virus
Clover wound tumor virus (WTV) (Phytoreovirus)
Clover yellow mosaic virus (ClYMV) (potexvirus)
Clover yellows virus (CYV) (Closteroviridae, closterovirus)
Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV) (Potyviridae,potyvirus)
Cocksfoot mottle virus (CoMV) (Sobemovirus)
Coconut foliar decay virus (CFDV) (Nanavirus)
Commelina diffusa virus (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Commelina mosaic virus (ComMV) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Commelina virus X (ComVX) (potexvirus)
Commelina yellow mottle virus (ComYMV) (Caulimoviridae,badnavirus)
Cocksfoot mild mosaic virus (CoMV) (Sobemovirus)
Cocoa mottle leaf virus
Cocoa necrosis virus (CoNV) (Comoviridae, Nepovirus)
Cocoa swollen shoot virus (CSSV) (Caulimoviridae, Badnavirus)
Cocoa yellow mosaic virus
Colombian datura virus (CDV) (Potyviridae, Potyvirus)
Coriander feathery red vein virus (CFRVV) (Rhabdoviridae, nucleorhabdovirus)
Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) (Geminiviridae, Begomovirus)
Cotton leaf crumple virus (CLCrV) (Geminiviridae,bigeminivirus )
Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) (Carlavirus)
Crimson clover latent virus (CCLV) (Comoviridae, nepovirus)
Crinum mosaic virus (CriMV) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Croton yellow vein mosaic virus (CYVMV) (Geminiviridae, bigeminivirus )
Cucumber leaf spot virus (CLSV) (Tombusviridae, carmovirus)
Cucumber necrosis virus (CuNV) (Tombusviridae, tombusvirus)
Cucumber soil-borne virus (CuSBV) (Tombusviridae, carmovirus)
Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV)
Cycas necrotic stunt virus (CNSV) (Comoviridae, nepovirus)
Cymbidium ringspot virus (CymRSV) (Tombusviridae, tombusvirus)
Cynodon chlorotic streak virus
Cynosurus mottle virus (CnMoV) (Sobemovirus)
Dahlia mosaic virus (DMV) (Caulimoviridae,caulimovirus )
Dandelion latent virus (DaLV) (Carlavirus)
Dandelion yellow mosaic virus (DaYMV) (Sequiviridae, sequivirus)
Daphne virus X (DVX) (Potexvirus)
Daphne virus Y (DVY) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Datura Colombian virus (CDV) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Datura distortion mosaic virus (DDMV) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Datura necrosis virus ( DNV) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Datura shoestring virus (DSTV) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Datura yellow vein virus (DYVV) (Rhabdoviridae, nucleorhabdovirus)
Datura distortion virus
Datura enation mosaic virus
Dendrobium mosaic virus (DeMV) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Desmodium mosaic virus (DesMV) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Desmodium yellow mottle virus (DYMV) (Tymovirus)
Digitaria streak virus (DSV) (Geminiviridae, monogeminivirus)
Digitaria striate mosaic (DiSMV) (Geminiviridae, monogeminivirus)
Dioscorea alata virus (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Dioscorea bacilliform virus (DBV) ((Caulimoviridae, badnavirus)
Dioscorea green banding mosaic virus (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Dodonaea yellows-associated virus
Dolichos yellow mosaic virus (DoMYV) (Geminiviridae,bigeminivirus)
Dulcamara mottle virus (DuMV) (Tymovirus)
Eggplant green mosaic virus (EGMV) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Eggplant mottled dwarf virus (EMDV) (Rhabdoviridae, nucleorhabdoviru)
Elderberry virus (EV)(Carlavirus 1)
Epirus cherry virus (EpCV) (Ourmiavirus)
Erysimum latent virus (ErLV) (Tymovirus)
Dulcamara mottle virus (DuMV) (Tymovirus)
Echinochloa ragged stunt virus (ERSV) (Reoviridae, Oryzavirus)
Elm mottle virus (EMoV) (Bromoviridae, Ilarvirus)
European wheat striate mosaic virus (EWSMV) (Tenuivirus)
Euphorbia mosaic virus (EuMV) (Geminiviridae, bigeminivirus)
Euphorbia ringspot virus (EuRV) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV) (Nanovirus)
Festuca leaf streak virus (FLSV) (Rhabdoviridae, cytorhabdovirus)
Fig virus S (FVS) (Carlavirus)
Figwort mosaic virus (FMV) (Caulimoviridae, caulimovirus)
Foxtail mosaic virus (FoMV) (Potexvirus)
Frangipani mosaic virus (FrMV) (Tobamovirus)
French bean mosaic virus
Freesia leaf necrosis virus (FLNV) (Varicosavirus)
Freesia mosaic virus (FreMV) (Potyviridae, Potyvirus)
Galinsoga mosaic virus (GaMV) (Tombusviridae, carmovirus)
Glycine mosaic virus (GMV) (Comoviridae, Comovirus)
Grapevine Algerian latent virus (GALV) (Tombusviridae, Tombusvirus)
Grapevine asteroid mosaic virus
Grapevine berry inner necrosis virus (GINV) (Trichovirus)
Grapevine Bulgarian latent virus (GBLV) (Comoviridae, Nepovirus)
Grapevine chrome mosaic virus (GCMV) (Comoviridae, Nepovirus)
Grapevine stem pitting associated closterovirus (Closteroviridae, Closterovirus)
Grapevine Tunisian ringspot virus (GTRSV) (Comoviridae, Nepovirus)
Grapevine vein necrosis virus
Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) (Comoviridae, nepovirus)
Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV)
Grapevine stunt virus
Groundnut chlorotic leaf streak virus
Groundnut chlorotic spotting virus
Groundnut rosette assistor virus (GRAV) (Luteoviridae, Enamovirus)
Groundnut rosette virus (GRV) (Umbravirus)
Groundnut eyespot virus (GEV) (Potyviridae, Potyvirus)
Guar symptomless virus (GSLV) (Potyviridae, Potyvirus)
Guar top necrosis virus
Guinea grass mosaic virus (GGMV) (Potyviridae, Potyvirus)
Helenium virus S (HVS) (Carlavirus)
Helenium virus Y (HVY) (Potyviridae, Potyvirus)
Henbane mosaic virus (HMV) (Potyviridae, Potyvirus)
Heracleum latent virus (HLV) (Vitivirus)
Hibiscus latent ringspot virus (HLRSV) (Comoviridae, )nepovirus
Hibiscus chlorotic ringspot virus (HCRSV) (Tombusviridae, Carmovirus)
Honeysuckle latent virus (LnLV) (Carlavirus)
Hop American latent (AHLV) (Carlavirus)
Hop latent virus (HpLV) (Carlavirus)
Hop mosaic virus (HpMV) (Carlavirus)
Hop trefoil cryptic virus 1 (HTCV-1)(Partitiviridae, alphacryptovirus)
Hop trefoil cryptic virus 2 (HTCV-2)(Partitiviridae, betacryptovirus)
Hop trefoil cryptic virus 3 (HTCV-3) (Partitiviridae, alphacryptovirus)
Hordeum mosaic virus (HoMV) (Potyviridae, Potyvirus)
Humulus japonicus virus (HJV) (Bromoviridae, ilarvirus)
Hyacinth mosaic virus (HyaMV) (Potyviridae, Potyvirus)
Hydrangea mosaic viris (HdMV) (Bromoviridae, ilarvirus)
Hydrangea ringspot virus (HRSV) (Potexvirus)
Horsegram yellow mosaic virus (HgYMV) (Geminiviridae, Begomovirus)
Iris fulva mosaic virus (IFMV) (Potyviridae, Potyvirus)
Iris Japanese necrotic ring virus
Iris mild mosaic virus (IMMV) (Potyviridae, Potyvirus)
Iris severe mosaic virus (ISMV) (Potyviridae, Potyvirus)
Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) (Bunyaviridae, Tospovirus)
Indian peanut clump virus (IPCV) (Pecluvirus)
Indonesian soybean dwarf virus (ISDV) (Luteoviridae, Enamovirus)
Iranian maize mosaic virus
Jatropha mosaic virus (JMV) (Geminiviridae,bigeminivirus)
Johnsongrass mosaic (JGMV) (Potyviridae, Potyvirus)
Kalanchoe isometric virus
Kalanchoe latent virus (KLV)(Carlavirus)
Kalanchoe top-spotting virus (KTSV) (Caulimoviridae, badnavirus)
Kennedya yellow mosaic virus (KYMV) (Tymovirus)
Kennedya virus Y (KVY) (Potyviridae, Potyvirus)
Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus (KGMMV) (Tobamovirus)
Konjac mosaic virus (KoMV) (Potyviridae, Potyvirus)
Kober stem grooving
Lamium mild mottle virus (LMMV) (Comoviridae, fabavirus)
Lato River virus (LRV) ((Tombusviridae, tombusvirus)
Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Lettuce big-vein virus (LBVV) (Varicosavirus)
Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) (Potyviridae,potyvirus)
Lettuce necrotic yellows virus (LNYV)(Rhabdoviridae, cytorhabdovirus)
Lettuce speckles mottle virus (LSMV) (Umbravirus)
Lilac chlorotic leafspot virus (LCLV)(Capillovirus)
Lilac mottle virus (LiMV) (Carlavirus)
Lilac ring mottle virus (LRMV) (Bromoviridae, ilarvirus)
Lily mottle virus (LMoV) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Lily virus X (LVX) (Potexvirus)
Lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV) (Closteroviridae, Crinivirus)
Limabean golden mosaic virus (LGMV) (Geminiviridae, Begomovirus)
Little cherry virus (LChV) (Closteroviridae, Closterovirus)
LN33 stem grooving
Lucerne Australian symptomless virus (LASV) (Comoviridae, Nepovirus)
Lucerne vein yellowing virus
Lucerne transient streak virus (LTSV) (Sobemovirus)
Lychnis ringspot virus (LRSV) (Hordeivirus)
Maclura mosaic virus (MacMV) (Potyviridae, macluravirus)
Maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV) (Sequiviridae, waikavirus)
Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) (Tombusviridae, machlomovirus)
Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) (Potyviridae, potyvirus )
Maize line virus
Maize mosaic virus (MMV) (Rhabdoviridae, nucleorhabdovirus)
Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) (Marafivirus)
Maize white line mosaic virus (MWLMV)
Maize mottle/chlorotic stunt virus
Maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV) (Reoviridae, Fijivirus)
Maize streak virus (MSV) (Genimiviridae, Mastrevirus)
Malvastrum mottle virus
Malva vein clearing virus (MVCV) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Marigold mottle virus (MaMoV) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Melandrium yellow fleck virus (MYFV) (Bromoviridae, bromovirus)
Melon leaf curl virus(MLCV) (Geminiviridae, bigeminivirus)
Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) (Tombusviridae, carmovirus)
Melon Ourmia virus (OuMV) (Ourmiavirus)
Melon rugose mosaic virus (MRMV) (Tymovirus)
Milk vetch dwarf virus (MDV) (Nanovirus)
Mimosa mosaic virus
Mirabilis mosaic virus (MiMV) (Caulimovirus)
Miscanthus streak virus (MiSV) (Geminiviridae, monogeminivirus)
Mulberry latent virus (MLV) (Carlavirus)
Mulberry ringspot virus (MRSV)( Comoviridae, nepovirus)
Mung bean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) (Geminiviridae, bigeminivirus)
Muskmelon vein necrosis virus (MuVNV)(Carlavirus)
Myrobalan latent ringspot virus (MLRSV) (Comoviridae, nepovirus)
Narcissus latent virus (NLV)(Potyviridae, macluravirus)
Narcissus mosaic virus (NMV) (Potexvirus)
Narcissus yellow stripe virus (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Neckar River virus (NRV) (Tombusviridae, tombusvirus)
Nerine latent virus (NeLV) (Carlavirus)
Nerine virus (NV) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Nerine virus X(NVX) (Potexvirus )
Northern cereal mosaic virus (NCMV) (Rhabdoviridae, Cytorhabdovirus)
Oak ringspot virus
Oat blue dwarf virus (OBDV) (Marafivirus)
Oat golden stripe virus (OGSV) (Furovirus)
Oat mosaic virus (OMV)(Potyviridae, bymovirus)
Oat necrotic mottle virus (ONMV) (Potyviridae, rymovirus)
Oat red streak mosaic virus
Oat sterile dwarf virus (OSDV) (Reoviridae, Fijivirus)
Okra leaf-curl virus(OLCV) (Geminivirus, bigeminivirus)
Okra mosaic virus (OkMV) (Tymovirus)
Olive latent ringspot virus (OLRSV) (Comoviridae, nepovirus)
Ononis yellow mosaic virus ( OYMV)(Tymovirus)
Opuntia Sammons' virus (SOV) (Tobamovirus)
Pangola stunt virus (PaSV)(Reoviridae, Fijivirus)
Panicum streak virus (PanSV) (Geminiviridae, monogeminivirus)
Paprika mild mottle virus (PaMMV) (Tobamovirus)
Parietaria mottle virus (PmoV)(Bromoviridae, ilarvirus)
Parsnip leafcurl virus
Parsnip mosaic virus (ParMV)
Parsnip yellow fleck virus (PYFV)(Sequiviridae, sequivirus)
Paspalum striate mosaic virus (PSMV)(Geminiviridae, monogeminivirus)
Passiflora latent virus (PLV)(Carlavirus)
Passiflora South African virus (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Passiflora ringspot virus (PFRSV) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Passionfruit woodiness virus (PWV) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Passionfruit yellow mosaic virus (PaYMV)(Tymovirus)
Patchouli mosaic virus (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Pea early browning virus (PEBV) (Tobravirus)
Pea enation mosaic virus-1 (PEMV-1) (Luteovirus)
Pea enation mosaic virus-2 (PEMV-2) (Umbravirus)
Pea mild mosaic virus (PmiMV) (Comoviridae, comovirus )
Pea mosaic virus (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Peanut chlorotic streak virus (PCSV) (Caulimoviridae, caulimovirus)
Peanut green mosaic virus (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Peanut stunt virus (PSV) (Bromoviridae, cucumovirus)
Peanut yellow spot virus (PeYMV) (Tospovirus)
Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV)
Peach American mosaic virus
Peach mosaic virus (PMV) (Trichovirus)
Peach rosette mosaic virus (PRMV) (Comoviridae, Nepovirus)
Peanut clump virus (PCV) (Pecluvirus)
Pear blister canker viroid (PBCVd) (Pospiviroidae, Apscaviriod)
Pear necrotic spot virus
Plum bark split virus
Plum pox virus (PPV) (Potyviridae, Potyvirus)
Plum rusty blotch
Potato black ringspot virus (PBRSV) (Comoviridae, Nepovirus)
Potato deforming mosaic virus
Potato mop-top virus (PMTV) (Pomovirus)
Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) (Pospiviroidae, Pospiviroid)
Potato virus T (PVT) (Trichovirus)
Potato virus U (PVU) (Comoviridae, Nepovirus)
Potato virus V (PVV) (Potyviridae, Potyvirus)
Potato yellow dwarf virus (PYDV) (Rhabdoviridae, Nucleorhabdovirus)
Potato yellow vein virus (PYVV) (Closteroviridae, Crinivirus)
Potato yellowing virus
Prune dwarf virus (PDV) (Bromoviridae, Ilarvirus)
Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) (Bromoviridae, Ilarvirus)
Raspberry leaf curl virus
Raspberry ringspot virus (RpRSV) (Comoviridae, Nepovirus)
Red clover mottle virus (RCMV) (Comoviridae, Comovirus)
Rice gall dwarf virus (RGDV) (Reoviridae, Phytoreovirus)
Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) (Caulimoviridae, Rice tungro bacilliform-like virus)
Rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV) (Sequiviridae, Waikavirus)
Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) (Sobemovirus)
Squash leaf curl virus (SLCV) (Geminiviridae, Begomovirus)
Squash mosaic virus (SqMV) (Comoviridae, Comovirus)
Strawberry veinbanding virus (SVBV) (Caulimoviridae, Caulimovirus)
Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) (Tobravirus)
Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV) (Comoviridae, Nepovirus)
Tomato black ring virus (TBRV) (Comoviridae, Nepovirus)
Tomato mottle virus (ToMoV) (Geminiviridae, Begomovirus)
Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV) (Comoviridae, Nepovirus)
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) (Geminiviridae, Begomovirus)
Ullucus virus C (UVC)(Comoviridae,comovirus)
Ullucus mild mottle virus (UMMV)(Tobamovirus)
Ullucus mosaic virus (UMV) (Potyviridae,potyvirus)
Urd bean leaf crinkle virus
Vallota mosaic virus (ValMV ) (Potyviridae,potyvirus)
Vanilla mosaic virus (VanMV ) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Vanilla necrosis virus(Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Velvet tobacco mottle virus (VTMoV )(Sobemovirus)
Viola mottle virus (VMV )(Potexvirus)
Voandzeia distortion mosaic virus (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Voandzeia necrotic mosaic virus (VNMV) (Tymovirus)
Watercress yellow spot virus (WYSV)
Watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (WmCSV)(Geminiviridae,bigeminivirus)
Watermelon curly mottle virus (WmCMV)(Geminiviridae, bigeminivirus)
Watermelon mosaic virus 2(WMV-2) (Potyviridae, potyvirus)
Wheat American striate mosaic virus (WASMV )(Rhabdovirus, nucleorhabdovirus)
Wheat yellow leaf virus (WYLV) (Closteroviridae, Closterovirus)
Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) (Geminiviridae,monogeminivirus)
Wheat soil-borne mosaic virus (SBWMV)(Furovirus)
Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV)(Potyviridae, rymovirus)
Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV) (Potyviridae,bymovirus)
Wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV)(Potyviridae, bymovirus)
White clover mosaic virus(WClMV )(Potexvirus)
Wild cucumber mosaic virus (WCMV )(Tymovirus)
Wild potato mosaic (WPMV ) (Potyviridae, Potyvirus)
Wineberry latent virus (WLV)
Wisteria vein mosaic virus (WVMV) (Potyviridae, Potyvirus)
Yam mosaic virus (YMV) (Potyviridae, Potyvirus)
Zucchini yellow fleck virus (ZYFV) (Potyviridae, Potyvirus)
植物菌質體類Phytoplasm(80 種)
Alder yellows AlY
American aster yellows AAY
Annual blue grass white leaf ABGWL
Apple proliferation AT, AP-A
Ash yellows AshY
Aster yellows AY
Australian grapevine yellows AUSGY
Bermudagrass white leaf BGWL
Black alder witches'-broom BAWB
Blueberry stunt BBS1 BBS3
Celery yellows CelY
Cherry lethal yellows CLY
Chrysanthemum yellows CY
Clover phyllody CPh
Clover proliferation CP
Clover yellow edge CYE
Coconut lethal yellows LY, LY3
Dwarf aster yellows DAY
Eastern aster yellows NAY
Eggplant dwarf ED
Elm witches'-broom ULW
Elm yellows
Eucalyptus little leaf
European aster yellows EAY
European stone fruit yellows PPER
Faba bean phyllody FBP
Garland chrysanthemum WB GCW
Gentian witches'-broom GW
Gladiolus yellows GLY
Goldenrod yellows GRY (GR1)
Grapevine yellows
Grey dogwood witches'-broom GD1
Hydrangea phyllody HyPH1
Hydrangea virescence
Ipomoea witches'-broom IOB
Jujube witches'-broom JWB
Leafhopper-borne BVK
Lilac witches'-broom LiWB
Loofah witches'-broom LfWB
Maize bushy stunt MBS
Marguerite yellows MY
Maryland aster yellows AY1
Mexican periwinkle virescence MPV
Michigan aster yellows MIAY
Milkweed yellows MWY (MW1)
Mitsuba witches'-broom JHW
Mulberry dwarf MD
New Jersey aster yellows NJAY
Oklahoma aster yellows OKAY1
Onion yellows OAY (OA)
Peach yellow leaf roll PYLR
Pear decline PD
Pecan bunch PB
Periwinkle little leaf CN1
Periwinkle virescence VR, BLTVA
Phormium yellow leaf PYL
Plum leptonecrosis PLN
Poinsettia branch-inducing PoiBI
Potato yellows
Primula yellows PY
Ranunculus phyllody RPh
Rice yellow dwarf RYD
Rubus stunt RS
Spiraea stunt SP1
Stolbur STOL
Strawberry green petal
Sugarcane grassy shoot SCGS
Sunhemp witches'-broom SUNHP
Sweet potato little leaf SPLL
Sweet potato witches'-broom SPWB
Tanzanian coconut lethal decline LDT
Tomato big bud
Tomato yellows TY
Tsuwabuki witches'-broom TW
Vaccinium witches'-broom VAC
Walnut witches'-broom WWB
Western aster yellows SAY, TLAY
Witches'-broom of lime WBDL
X-disease
Yucatan coconut lethal decline LDY
B.「動物傳染病防治條例」中有關動物輸出入與檢疫的規定包括人畜共通的病原微生物。
2.生物安全
(1) 國科會
「基因重組實驗守則」規範利用第一至第四級危險群微生物及培養細胞為宿主有關實驗之物理性與生物性防護等級。依據微生物對於人類及動植物的安全或影響層次,規定了不需報備、需向研究機構報備、由研究機構生物實驗安全委員會核准或需經由行政院所屬主管機構核准的微生物實驗項目。
(2) 農委會
「基因轉移植物田間試驗管理規範」
六、生物安全性評估之內容包括下列事項:
13. 基因轉移植物與病害、蟲害或其他昆蟲、動物之關係及影響。
及公告中的「基因轉殖植物田間試驗辦法」草案均與微生物操作有關。
第八條基因轉殖植物生物安全評估之內容包括下列事項:
四、基因轉殖植物所含外源基因流入其他動植物病原生物之可能性及其影響。
3.專利微生物寄存
經濟部智慧財產局訂定「有關專利申請之微生物寄存辦法」。
有關專利申請之微生物寄存辦法
中華民國九十一年六月二十一日訂定發布
第一條本辦法依專利法(以下簡稱本法)第二十六條第四項規定訂定之。
第二條申請寄存微生物,應備具下列事項,向專利專責機關指定之寄存
機構(以下簡稱寄存機構)申請之:
一、申請書,載明申請人姓名、住、居所;如係法人或設有代表人之機構,其名稱、代表人姓名、營業所。
二、微生物之基本資料。
三、必要數量之微生物。
四、規費。
前項微生物為進口者,應附具其輸入許可證明。
第一項之申請,委任專利代理人者,應於申請時提出委任書。
第三條受理寄存之微生物種類包括細菌、放線菌、酵母菌、黴菌、蕈類、質體、噬菌體、病毒、動物細胞株、植物細胞株、融合瘤及其他應寄存之微生物。
第四條微生物寄存之保存型式應以冷凍乾燥或冷凍方式為之。但無法以冷凍乾燥或冷凍方式為之者,得以試管培養之方式為之。
前項微生物應以適當之溫度及方式傳送,以維持其存活與特性,並避免於傳送過程中釋放至環境中。
第五條以冷凍乾燥保存型式之微生物,應寄存六支冷凍乾燥管,且各支應有存活試驗之必要量。
第六條以冷凍保存型式之微生物者,除下列情形外,應寄存六支冷凍管,且各支應有存活試驗必要量:
一、病毒、動物細胞株、植物細胞株、融合瘤及培養條件特殊之微生物,應寄存二十五支冷凍管,且各支應有存活試驗必要量。
二、以核酸方式寄存之質體至少十微克,噬菌體及病毒至少五十微克,並平均分裝於二十五支冷凍管。
以核酸方式寄存之質體、噬菌體及病毒,寄存機構認為必要時,得通知申請人提供適當保存形式之宿主六支冷凍乾燥管或冷凍管,且各支應有存活試驗必要量。
第七條以試管培養之微生物,應寄存六支試管,且各支應有存活試驗必要量。
第八條申請寄存有下列情形之一者,寄存機構應拒絕受理:
一、未依第二條之規定提出申請寄存者。
二、未依第四條至前條之規定提出適當型式及必要數量之微生物者。
三、依法令管制之微生物。但經特許者不在此限。
四、微生物已有明顯的退化、污染,或依科學理由,無法接受此微生物之寄存者。
寄存機構拒絕受理前,應先將拒絕理由通知申請人,限期陳述意見。
第九條寄存機構受理寄存者,應開具寄存證明書予申請人。
前項寄存證明書應記載下列事項:
一、寄存機構之名稱及住址。
二、寄存者之名稱及住址。
三、寄存機構受理寄存之日期。
四、寄存機構之受理號數。
五、寄存者賦予微生物之辨識號碼或符號。
六、寄存申請書中關於該微生物之學名。
第十條寄存機構對受理寄存之微生物,應於下列之時間,進行存活試驗:
一、自開具寄存證明書之日起一個月內。
二、該微生物在保管上認有必要時。
三、寄存者之申請時。
第十一條寄存機構為進行存活試驗,需特殊成分之培養材料者,必要時得通知寄存者提供之。
依前條第一款規定進行存活試驗,而未能證明該微生物存活時,寄存者應於寄存機構指定期限內補正該微生物之相關資料或其培養材料。
寄存者未依前項規定補正,或補正後所進行之存活試驗仍不能證明該微生物存活者,寄存機構應通知寄存者及專利專責機關。
第十二條寄存機構於下列情形時,應開具存活試驗報告:
一、依第十條第一款進行存活試驗。
二、依寄存者之申請。
三、非寄存者而為第十六條之受分讓者申請。
前項存活試驗報告應記載下列事項:
一、寄存機構之名稱及住址。
二、寄存者之名稱及住址。
三、寄存機構受理該寄存之日期。
附表二
寄存申請書
( 填寫本書件前,請先行詳閱申請書後之申請須知,作※ 記號部分請勿填寫)
※寄存日期:_____ 年_____月_____日 ※寄存號
碼:___________ 。 ____________
壹、申請人
□ 個人寄存
□ 機構寄存
身分證或營利事業統一編號:____________________________
姓名或名稱: (中文)_________________________________
: (英文)_________________________________
地址: (中文)__________________________________
: (英文)__________________________________
代表人: (中文)__________________________________
: (英文)___________________________________
聯絡人:____________________________________________
電話:______________________ 傳真:________________
電子信箱:____________________________________________
貳、代理人(未設代理人者,此處免填)
姓名:________________________________________
地址:________________________________________
電話:____________________ 傳真:_______________
電子信箱:_____________________________________
參、寄存之微生物
學名:(中文)_________________________________
:(拉丁學名)_____________________________
申請人給予之號碼或符號:________________________
肆、微生物寄存之保存型式
□冷凍乾燥保存型式:冷凍乾燥管支_______
□冷凍保存型式:
□冷凍管支___________
□核酸方式□ __________微克,平均分裝於_______支冷凍管
□宿主□冷凍管_________支,□冷凍乾燥管_________支
□試管保存型式:試管_________支(無法以冷凍乾燥或冷凍方式保存者適用)
伍、附件
□ 規費:□寄存費用□36000元□48000元□其他_________
□存活試驗報告費用□2400元□4800元□其他_______
□ 委任書一份。
□ 微生物基本資料一份。
□ 申請寄存之微生物輸入許可證明一份。
□ 微生物一批。
□ 其他__________
陸、簽章
一、寄存機構進行存活試驗及保存方式
□ 寄存機構限以申請人所提供之方法進行存活試驗及保存。
□ 寄存機構得以申請人所提供之方法或較先進之方法進行存活
試驗及保存。
二、茲將本申請書所載之微生物申請寄存於(寄存機構),並同意遵
守關於微生物寄存之相關法令及(寄存機構)為進行寄存之規
定。
□申請人:_____________________ (簽章)
代表人:_____________________ (簽章)
□代理人:_____________________ (簽章)
中華民國 年 月 日
附表三
微生物之基本資料
壹、微生物之分類命名、符號
學名:(中文)______________________________
:(拉丁學名)__________________________
申請人給予之號碼或符號:____________________。
貳、培養、保存及存活試驗條件
一、培養基__________________________________________________________________________
二、生長溫度℃__________________
三、通氣性__________________
四、長期保存最適方法
□冷凍
□冷凍乾燥
□其他____________________
五、請另附頁詳細說明培養基配方,保存時保護液配方,降溫方式等。
六、微生物如為突變株時,請詳細說明突變劑及分離方法。(請附頁說明)
七、質體、病毒或噬菌體請另外附頁說明轉殖或感染方式及核酸純化方法,若
以核酸型式寄存者,請註明濃度或力價。
參、對生物健康及環境危害之性質說明
寄存之微生物具有危害生物健康或環境的性質
□ 是,對□人類,□動物,□植物,□其他________________。
說明如下(可另頁詳細說明)_______________________________________________________________________________
□ 申請人不知寄存之微生物具有危害生物健康或環境的性質
肆、其他資料
一、微生物其他名稱___________________________________________
二、相關宿主學名_____________________________________________
三、微生物歷史
(1)分離者________________日期______________
(2) 分離來源________________採集地點________________
(3) 鑑定者________________日期________________
(4) 本微生物是否保存於其他菌種中心
□ 否。_______ ________
□ 是,菌種中心名稱________________
該菌種中心給予之編號________________
(5) 本微生物經過人為之特殊處理_____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
四、本微生物特點(可附頁說明)_____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
附表四
微生物提供分讓申請書
壹、申請提供分讓之微生物
□ 申請提供分讓之微生物
學名:_______________________________________________________________________
寄存號碼:___________________________________________________________________
□ 申請提供微生物之培養條件或保存條件
貳、申請人
身分證或營利事業統一編號:_______________________________________________________
姓名或名稱:_______________________________________________________
地址:_______________________________________________________
代表人:_______________________________________________________
聯絡人:_______________________________________________________
電 話: _________________________傳真:________________________
電子信箱:______________________________________________________
參、使用者切結
□ 申請人瞭解該微生物只供做研究實驗使用,不得進行商業行為,如有違反,將受相關法律之制裁。
□ 申請人瞭解該微生物不得轉提供給他人,如有違反,將受相關法律之制裁。
□ 申請人瞭解該微生物具病原性或對環境有害,將僅供研究實驗使用,並保證使用後即予銷毀並通知(寄存機構),不使之流出實驗室,如有違反,將受相關法律之制裁。
切結人
□申請人:_________________________ (簽章)
代表人:_________________________ (簽章)
肆、附件
□ 規費:□ 申請提供分讓微生物費用□2400元□4800元□其他_____________
□ 申請提供培養或保存條件費用360元。
□ 有關該微生物之審定公告影本一份。
□ 有關該微生物之公開公告影本一份。
□ 發明專利申請人書面通知影本一份。
□ 核駁審定書影本一份。
□ 寄存者同意提供分讓之證明文件。
□ 其他
伍、簽章
茲為研究、實驗之目的,向(寄存機媾)申請提供申請書所載之微生物,
並同意遵守使用分讓微生物之相關法令規定。
□申請人:_________________________ (簽章)
代表人:_________________________ (簽章)
中 華 民 國 _____ 年 ____ 月 _____ 日
附表五
撤回寄存申請書
壹、撤回寄存之微生物
學名:________________________________________________________________
寄存者給予之號碼或符號:______________________________________________
寄存編號:____________________________________________________________
貳、申請人
身分證或營利事業統一編號:______________________________________________
姓名或名稱: (中文)______________________________________________
: (英文)______________________________________________
地址: (中文)______________________________________________
: (英文)______________________________________________
代表人: (中文)______________________________________________
: (英文)______________________________________________
聯絡人: ______________________________________________________
電話: ________________________ 傳真:________________________
電子信箱: ______________________________________________________
參、代理人(未設代理人者,此處免填)
姓名:______________________________________________
地址:______________________________________________
電話: ________________________傳真:________________________
電子信箱:______________________________________________________
肆、簽章
申請人瞭解利用申請書所載之微生物之專利申請案,尚未經專利專責機關審
定,茲依「有關專利申請之微生物寄存辦法」申請撤回該微生物之寄存。
□申請人: _________________________(簽章)
代表人: _________________________(簽章)
□代理人: (簽章)
中 華 民 國 _____ 年 _____ 月 ____ _日