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and Carville(1986)³ø§i¤§³Ì¾A©y©Ê¦¨¼ôÄÖ¬Û¦ü¡CµM¦ÛG3¥N§ï¬°¶qµ¹¹}«á¡A©Ê¦¨¼ôÅãµÛ©µ¿ð¦Ü270-
280¤é¡A¦bG6¥N¥H«á¦b¨|¦¨´Á¬I¤©ùÚ©w¥ú·Ó¡Aªì²£¤éÄֶȲ¤´£«e¡C¾ú¥NµfÀn²£³J©Ê¯à¤§µ²ªGÅã¥Ü¡A40¶gÄÖ¤Î52¶gÄÖ²£³J¼Æ¨üªì²£¤éÄÖ¦±ß¼vÅT¬Æ¤j¡AY¦Û²Ä¤@²£³J´Á24¶g²£³J¼ÆÆ[¤§¡A²Ä¤@¥N¥H«á²£³J¼Æ¦³¤W¤É¤§ÁͶաAµM¦b²Ä¥|¥N¥H«á«h¦³¤U°¤§ÁͶաA¦¹¬O§_¨ü¿ï©ÞÅ髬¤§¼vÅT¡A©|¤£½Tª¾¡A¤×¨ä¦b40¶gÄÖ²£³J¼Æ±N¯Ç¤J¥¼¨Ó¿ï©Þ¤§±±¨î±ø¥ó¤U¡A¥²¶·¶i¤@¨B¤ÀªR²£³J¼Æ»PÅ髤§¿ò¶Ç¬ÛÃö¡C²£³J¦bG4¥N³Ì¨Î¡A¨Ì²£³J´Á24¶gpºâ¡A¨ä²£³J²v¥ç¶È47%¡C
¤T¡B¥Íªø©Ê¯à¿ò¶Ç°Ñ¼Æ¤ÀªR
¡@¡@¾ú¥N10¤Î18¶gÄÖÅ髤Î10¶gÄ֦Фòªø¤§¿ò¶ÇÅܲ§²v¡B¿ò¶Ç¬ÛÃö¤Îªñ¿Ë«Y¼Æ«h«Y±Ä¥ÎGroeneveld(1996)¤§VCEµ{¦¡3.2ª©¤ÀªR¡CL302µfÀnÅ髤§¿ò¶ÇÅܲ§²v¤Î¿ò¶Ç¬ÛÃö¦C©óªí7¡C¥ÀÀn¤Q¶gÄÖÅé«¿ò¶ÇÅܲ§²v¸û¤½Àn°ª¡A¦¹¤D¥Ñ©ó¤½Àn¤§Àô¹ÒÅܤè©Î¨ä¥¦¿ò¶ÇÅܤè¡]°£ª½±µ²Ö¥[©Ê¿ò¶Ç®ÄÀ³¥~¤§Åܤè¡^¬Û·í¤j¡A¦¹¥i»¡©ú¤½Àn¾ú¦~¥ÍªøÀË©wÅé«Åܲ§¬Æ¤j¤§²{¶H¡C¥t»P¼Ú¬ü°ê®a©Ò¤ÀªRªº¿ò¶ÇÅܲ§²v(ªí8
)¤ñ¸û«á¡AÅã¥Ü¥»¬Ù®ðÔ±ø¥ó¤U¡A¦ôp¤§¿ò¶ÇÅܲ§²v¸û§C¤§²{¶H¡A¦¹¥Dn«Y¥Ñ©ó¼Ú¬ü»P¥xÆW®ðÔ±ø¥ó¤Î¯bªÙ¤£¦P¡AP©Ê¯àªí²{¤§ªí«¬Åܤ褤Àô¹ÒÅܤè®t²§¸û¤j¡C
¡@¡@ÁöµM¤½µfÀn¤§¿ò¶ÇÅܲ§²v¸û¥ÀÀn§C¡A¨Ì¿ï©Þ§ï¶i¤§¤½¦¡±À½×¡A¥Ñ©ó¤½Àn¤§Åéªí«¬Åܤ謰¥ÀÀn¤§¨â¿¡A¤½¥ÀÀn¿ï©Þ§¡±N¦³®Ä§ï¶iÅé«¡C¦bG7¥N¥H«á¡A¦b±±¨î¸û¨Î¤§Àô¹Ò¤UÀË©w¡A¹w´Áµû¦ôÅ髤§¿ò¶ÇÅܲ§²v±N¸û°ª¡C¥t¤@ȱoª`·Nªº¬O¤Q¶gÄÖÅé«»P¤Q¤K¶gÄÖÅ髦¨¥¿¬ÛÃö¡A¿ï©Þ±N³s±a¼W¤j©Ê¦¨¼ô«e¤§Å髬¡A¦¹¹ï¥Í´Þ¤§¥i¯à¼vÅT¡Aȱo¶i¤@¨B¤ÀªR¤Q¶gÄÖÅé«»P²£³J©Ê¯à¤§¬ÛÃö¡C
¡@¡@µfÀn¸g¦h¦~¿ï¨|¤§®ÄªG¡A¨ÃµL¹ï·Ó«~¨t¥i¸ê¤ñ¸û¡A¦Û¾ú¥N¤Q¶gÄÖÅ髤À¥¬ÀW«×(ªí9¤Î10)Æ[¤§¡A¤Q¶gÄÖÅ髸g¿ï©Þ«á¡A¤À¥¬ÀW«×Åܲ§¼W¥[¡A¤½¥ÀÀn¤À§O¦bG2¤ÎG1¥N²£¥ÍÅ髶W¹Lì©l¯ª¥ýªÌ¡A¥B¦¹ºØÁͶÕÄ~Äò¶i¦æ¡A¥Ñ¦¹¥iÅã¥Ü¿ï¨|¼W¥[¤jÅ髬¤§®ÄªG¡C¥t¦Û¥Íªø©Ê¯àÀË©w¤ñ¸û¸ÕÅçÆ[¤§¡AµfÀn¦Û73¦~¤Þ¶i¿ï©Þ¨Ã±À¼s«á¡A¥Á¶¡Àn³õ´¿¤ÏÀ³¥O¤gµfÀn¼W¤j¥b¤ç¥ª¥k¡AµM¦¹¨ÃµL¼Æ¾Ú¦õÃÒ¡A¬°¤F¸Ñ¸g¿ï©ÞL302»P¥Á¶¡µfÀn¤§®t²§¡A¶i¦æ¥Íªø©Ê¯à¤ñ¸û¡A¦bG6¥N¥Hl302»P¤G¶¡¥»¬Ù¥Á¶¡¹A³õ(Farm
A ¤ÎFarm B)¤Îªk°Ó·~¦×Àn(L304) ¶i¦æ¥ÍªøÀË©w¤ñ¸û¸ÕÅç¡Aµ²ªGL302¤Q¶gÄÖÅ髤½¥ÀÀn¤À§O¸û¥Á¶¡Àn³õ«244¤Î222g¥H¤W(¦pªí11¤Î12)¡A¦¹¥iÃÒ©ú¸g¿ï©Þ¤§L302¤´¸û¥Á¶¡µfÀnÀu²§¡C
µ²½×»P«Øij
¡@¡@¦Û¿ò¶ÇÅܲ§²vÈÆ[¤§¡A¤½¥ÀÀnÅ髤Τ½Àn¦Ð¤òªø¤§¿ï©Þ¥i¦æ¡A¿ï©Þ§ïÅܨâ¦V©Ê«h¥i¯à¦³§xÃø¡C¿ï©Þ®Ä¯qµû¦ô¤è±¡A¨Ì¾ÚG6¥N¤§ÀË©wµ²ªGL302¸û¥»¬Ù¥Á¶¡¤½¥ÀÀn¦b10¶gÄÖ«200¤½§J¥H¤W¡Aªì¨BÅã¥ÜL302½T¹ê¸û¤j«¬¡A¥i§@¬°¥Á¶¡¦×¥ÎµfÀn§ïµ½Å髬¤§¥Î¡Cªk°Ó·~¦×¥ÎµfÀnÅ髬¸ûL302¤j¡A¥i§@¬°¤j«¬µfÀn¿ï¨|¤§°Ñ¦Ò¥Ø¼Ð¡A¹ê»Ú¤§¿ï¨|¤u§@¤´¥HÅ髪í²{»P¨ä¥¦©Êª¬(¦p±Äºë¨üºë¤Î²£³J©Êª¬µ¥¥Í´Þ©Ê¯à)¤§¿ò¶Ç¬ÛÃöµ{«×§@¨M©w¡CµfÀn©ó14¦Ü15¶gÄÖ¤w¹F¤W¥«¼Ð·Ç¡A¶Ç²ÎÁ¤¥ÀÀn¹}¾i¥i¦Ò¼{´£«e¤W¥«¡C¥t¨Ì¾Ú¾ú¥NÀË©w¦¨ÁZ¤Î¦×ÀnÀË©w¸ÕÅç«ØijÀË©w±Ä°ªÀç¾i¤ô·Ç¥Hµo´§¥Íªø©Ê¯à¼ç¤O¡A¥B©y²Î¤@¨C¥@¥NÀË©wÀn§É¥H´î¤ÖÀô¹Ò®ÄÀ³¡C¦¹¥i¯à¼W¥[¤§¶_¨¬²{¶H¡A¤@¤è±¥i¦Û½Ã¥Í¤è±µÛ¤â¥H°§CLu
et al.(1993)³ø§i¸zª¢©Ê¤p¯f¬r·P¬V¤Þ°_¤§¶_¨¬¡F¥t¤@¤è±¡A¥ç¥i¯à¶·¥H¿ï©Þ§ïµ½¶_¨¬°ÝÃD(Beaumont
et al.,1996)¡C
¡@¡@¾ú¦~¿ï©Þ¤u§@¤§¹ê»Ú¿ò¶Ç§ï¶i¶q¡A«h«Ý±N¨Ó±Ä°Êª«¼Ò¦¡¥HPest¦ôºâ¿ò¶ÇÈ¡A¥H±Àºâ¤§¡F¥t¥~¦¹¿ï©Þ±Ú¸s¤¤±N¦¨¥ß¹ï·Ó«~¨t¥BÄ~Äò°lÂܤÀªR¿ò¶Ç°Ñ¼ÆÀH¥@¥N¤§ºtÅÜ¡C²£³J©Ê¯à¤W¡A¥ç±N¶i¦æ¿ò¶Ç°Ñ¼Æ¦ôºâ¡A¦Ò¼{±N²£³J«e¥ú·Ó¤Î¹}³B²z¯Ç¤J©T©w®ÄÀ³¡A¨Ã±´°Q»P¥Íªø©Ê¯à¶¡¤§¿ò¶Ç¬ÛÃö¡A§@¬°Å髬¿ï©Þ¤§°Ñ¦Ò¡C
ªí1. µfÀn302 «~¨t¾ú¥NÀn°¦±Ú¸s¼Æ¡B¯dºØ¼Æ¤Îªñ¿Ë«Y¼Æ
¥N |
¤½Àn°¦¼Æ |
¥ÀÀn°¦¼Æ |
²z½×ªñ¿Ë«Y¼Æ |
¹ê»Úªñ¿Ë«Y¼Æ |
±Ú¸s¼Æ |
¯dºØ¼Æ |
±Ú¸s¼Æ |
¯dºØ¼Æ |
0 |
27 |
12 |
11 |
10 |
0 |
- |
1 |
91 |
10 |
96 |
57 |
.022916667 |
- |
2 |
406 |
18 |
423 |
123 |
.037609649 |
- |
3 |
577 |
20 |
459 |
127 |
.045570354 |
- |
4 |
523 |
23 |
573 |
136 |
.052804606 |
- |
5 |
507 |
15 |
601 |
100 |
.059163606 |
- |
6 |
412 |
15 |
387 |
106 |
.068746936 |
- |
7 |
397 |
- |
378 |
- |
.078259515 |
- |
¥§¡ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
.054819658 |
.06 |
²z½×ªñ¿Ë«Y¼Æ¡G²Ä0¥NFÈ°²³]¬°0¡A¾ú¥N¶¡¼W¥[¤§ªñ¿Ë«Y¼Æ¡µF=1/8Nm +
1/8Nf¡C
¡@
Table 2. Structure of the selection experimental line 302
Generation |
Number of hatch |
Hatch period |
Number of offspring |
Number of parents |
Male |
Female |
Male |
Female |
G0 |
1 |
21/05/84 |
27 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
G1 |
17 |
22/04/85-29/10/85 |
91 |
96 |
9 |
57 |
G2 |
15 |
05/11/86-28/05/87 |
406 |
429 |
18 |
124 |
G3 |
6 |
04/07/88-08/08/88 |
574 |
463 |
20 |
125 |
G4 |
7 |
08/08/90-18/09/90 |
525 |
579 |
23 |
141 |
G5 |
5 |
02/09/91-30/09/91 |
528 |
639 |
15 |
101 |
G6 |
7 |
14/06/93-19/07/93 |
430 |
406 |
14 |
103 |
G7 |
8 |
06/09/94-12/10/94
20/05/95-12/06/95 |
400 |
382 |
19 |
112 |
G8 |
6 |
03/06/96-08/08/96 |
394 |
364 |
¡Ð |
¡Ð |
Total |
72 |
¡@ |
3375 |
3369 |
¡@ |
¡@ |
¡@
ªí3. µfÀn302 «~¨t¾ú¥N¤Q¶gÄÖÅé«
¡@ |
Bw10m |
Bw10f |
M/F |
Fl10m |
FL10f |
F/M |
Bw18m |
Bw18f |
M/F |
G0 |
3200±179
(n=27) |
2135±120
(n=11) |
1.50 |
14.8±1.7
(n=27) |
17.0±1.7
(n=11) |
1.15 |
¡@ |
¡@ |
¡@ |
G1 |
2641±352
(n=91) |
1813±276
(n=96) |
1.46 |
10.7±3.5
(n=91) |
13.0±3.0
(n=92) |
1.21 |
¡@ |
¡@ |
¡@ |
G2 |
2738±570
(n=404) |
1908±341
(n=425) |
1.44 |
12.7±4.0
(n=397) |
15.3±3.6
(n=???) |
1.20 |
¡@ |
¡@ |
¡@ |
G3 |
3109±453
(n=574) |
2135±183
(n=462) |
1.46 |
13.3±3.6
(n=537) |
16.2±2.5
(n=439) |
1.22 |
4465±
(n=209) |
2550±181
(n=322) |
1.75 |
G4 |
3203±443
(n=524) |
2177±191
(n=572) |
1.47 |
16.7±2.3
(n=151) |
17.7±1.7
(n=169) |
1.06 |
4862±318
(n=176) |
2816±192
(n=287) |
1.73 |
G5 |
3064±629
(n=508) |
2164±252
(n=600) |
1.42 |
13.3±3.4
(n=303) |
15.3±2.6
(n=410) |
1.15 |
4131±392
(n=216) |
2624±184
(n=277) |
1.57 |
G6 |
2922±546
(n=412) |
2054±319
(n=387) |
1.42 |
14.6±2.2
(n=121) |
16.4±1.6
(n=107) |
1.12 |
4611±423
(n=102) |
2744±189
(n=154) |
1.68 |
G7 |
3692±318
(n=394) |
2334±163
(n=381) |
1.58 |
¡@ |
¡@ |
¡@ |
¡@ |
¡@ |
¡@ |
G8 |
3195±462
(n=380) |
2157±214
(n=347) |
1.48 |
¡@ |
¡@ |
¡@ |
¡@ |
¡@ |
¡@ |
¡@
ªí4. µfÀn302«~¨t¨|¦¨´Á¹}¾i
¹}¾iºÞ²z¼Ò¦¡ |
¥N§O |
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
¥ô¹} |
¡@ |
£G |
£G |
£G |
¡Ð |
£G |
£G |
¡Ð |
¡@ |
¹} |
¡@ |
¡Ð |
¡Ð |
¡Ð |
£G |
£G |
£G |
£G |
£G |
¦ÛµM¥ú·Ó |
¡@ |
£G |
£G |
£G |
£G |
£G |
£G |
¡Ð |
¡@ |
¤H¤u¥ú·Ó |
¡@ |
£G |
£G |
£G |
¡Ð |
£G |
£G |
£G |
£G |
¡@
ªí5. µfÀn302«~¨tºØÀn±Äºë²v¤Îºë²G¶q
¥N |
ÀË©w°¦¼Æ |
±Äºë²v |
ºë²G¶q |
n |
¡@ |
¡@ |
¡@ |
ml |
¦¸/°¦ |
5 |
177 |
65 % |
- |
- |
6 |
110 |
56.7% |
0.94±.43 |
128 |
7 |
172 |
62.2% |
1.09±.55 |
179 |
8 |
¡@ |
¡@ |
¡@ |
¡@ |
¡@
ªí6. ¾ú¥N302«~¨tµfÀn¤§²£³J©Ê¯à
Generation |
Age 1st
egg |
No egg
age 40w |
No egg
age 52w |
No egg 15w
1st cycle |
No egg 24w
1st cycle |
Age max of
laying test |
0 |
302±42 |
16±8 |
34±24 |
53±24 |
58±26 |
392±39 |
1 |
263±72 |
22±19 |
38±30 |
32±27 |
45±35 |
630±46 |
2 |
220±31 |
26±18 |
57±31 |
36±23 |
65±31 |
363±66 |
3 |
287±30 |
11±13 |
43±25 |
54±23 |
72±31 |
682±11 |
4 |
278±37 |
19±16 |
49±28 |
55±24 |
79±31 |
463±13 |
5 |
272±45 |
19±17 |
52±32 |
52±28 |
71±37 |
478±8 |
6 |
266±34 |
12±10 |
37±22 |
38±22 |
55±26 |
462±22 |
7 |
240±28 |
18±15 |
46±28 |
41±22 |
58±32 |
469±54 |
¡@
ªí7. L302µfÀnÅé«¿ò¶ÇÅܲ§²v¡B¿ò¶Ç¬ÛÃö¡Bªí«¬¬ÛÃö¥H¤Î¼Ð·Ç°¾®t
¡@ |
Bw10m |
Bw10f |
Fl10m |
Fl10f |
Bw18m |
Bw18f |
¤½Àn¤Q¶gÅé«(Bw10m) |
.243(.027) |
.899(.036) |
.746(.044) |
.800(.055) |
.767(.045) |
.586(.060) |
¥ÀÀn¤Q¶gÅé«(Bw10f) |
¡Ð |
.310(.027) |
.592(.051) |
.773(.053) |
.810(.042) |
.803(.039) |
¤½Àn¤Q¶g¦Ð¤òªø(Fl10m) |
.602** |
¡Ð |
.373(.044) |
.885(.046) |
.227(.065) |
.139(.056) |
¥ÀÀn¤Q¶g¦Ð¤òªø(Fl10f) |
¡Ð |
.465** |
¡Ð |
.141(.023) |
.511(.087) |
.474(.078) |
¤½Àn¤Q¤K¶gÅé«(Bw18m) |
.212** |
¡Ð |
.174** |
¡Ð |
.364(.042) |
.894(.035) |
¥ÀÀn¤Q¤K¶gÅé«(Bw18f) |
¡Ð |
.113** |
¡Ð |
.104* |
¡Ð |
.434(.041) |
¹ï¨¤½u¬O¿ò¶ÇÅܲ§²v¡A¹ï¨¤½u¤W¤è¬°¿ò¶Ç¬ÛÃö¤U¤è¬°ªí«¬¬ÛÃö¡C
¡@
Table 8. Muscovy duck Heritabilities on body weights
Charactere |
sex |
Heritability |
¡@ |
Bw at 70 d |
m |
0.43 |
Ricard et al. (1983) |
Bw at 70 d |
f |
0.48 |
¡§ ¡§ |
Bw at 74 d |
m |
0.53 |
Trettner (1984) |
Bw at 67 d |
f |
0.49 |
¡§ ¡§ |
Bw at 8 w |
¡@ |
0.33 |
Pilla (1974) |
Bw at 10 w |
¡@ |
0.50 |
¡§ ¡§ |
Bw at 12 w |
¡@ |
0.26 |
¡§ ¡§ |
Bw at 53 d |
m |
0.42 |
Farran (1980) |
Bw at 63 d |
m |
0.33 |
Babile (1989) |
Bw at 67 d |
m |
0.43 |
Farran (1980) |
Bw at 81 d |
m |
0.17 |
Farran (1980) |
Bw at 84 d |
m |
0.41 |
Babile (1989) |
Bw at 84 d |
m |
0.55 |
Fernandez (1988) |
¡@
ªí9. ¤½µfÀn302«~¨t¾ú¥N¤Q¶gÄÖÅ髤À¥¬ÀW«×
¤Q¶gÄÖÅé« |
G0 |
G1 |
G2 |
G3 |
G4 |
G5 |
G6 |
G7 |
<1000 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1000-1500 |
0 |
0 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
8 |
6 |
0 |
1500-2000 |
0 |
4 |
34 |
3 |
3 |
31 |
24 |
0 |
2000-2500 |
0 |
24 |
72 |
53 |
29 |
59 |
48 |
0 |
2500-3000 |
5 |
50 |
145 |
196 |
133 |
107 |
143 |
8 |
3000-3500 |
22 |
13 |
118 |
215 |
246 |
177 |
137 |
97 |
3500-4000 |
0 |
0 |
21 |
100 |
96 |
111 |
48 |
233 |
4000-4600 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
16 |
14 |
6 |
59 |
Total |
27 |
91 |
406 |
577 |
523 |
507 |
412 |
397 |
¡@
ªí10. ¥ÀµfÀn302«~¨t¾ú¥N¤Q¶gÄÖÅ髤À¥¬ÀW«×
¤Q¶gÄÖÅé« |
G0 |
G1 |
G2 |
G3 |
G4 |
G5 |
G6 |
G7 |
<1000 |
0 |
0 |
7 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1000-1500 |
0 |
17 |
58 |
0 |
2 |
13 |
30 |
0 |
1500-2000 |
2 |
59 |
171 |
121 |
105 |
152 |
133 |
11 |
2000-2500 |
9 |
19 |
184 |
330 |
446 |
384 |
206 |
322 |
2500-2740 |
0 |
1 |
3 |
8 |
20 |
52 |
18 |
45 |
Total |
11 |
96 |
423 |
459 |
573 |
601 |
387 |
378 |
¡@
ªí11. ¥|«~¨t¤½µfÀn0¦Ü15¶gÄÖ¤§¥§¡ÀË©wÅé«»P¹}®Æ®Ä²v¤Î°Ñ¦ÒÈ
Table 11. The growth performances of male body weight and feed efficiency from 0 to 15
weeks of age in four Muscovy lines and reference values
Age
week |
L302 |
Farm A |
Farm B |
L304 |
Reference F |
BW |
FE |
BW |
FE |
BW |
FE |
BW |
FE |
BW |
FE* |
¡@ |
g |
¡@ |
g |
¡@ |
g |
¡@ |
g |
¡@ |
g |
¡@ |
0 |
49.7±4.7a |
¡Ð |
48.0±4.6a |
¡Ð |
54.7±5.7b |
¡Ð |
48.0±5.4a |
¡Ð |
¡Ð |
¡Ð |
3 |
594±108a |
1.65 |
516±64b |
1.57 |
614±56 ac |
1.75 |
678±13c |
1.85 |
495 |
1.37 |
6 |
1627±222a |
2.17 |
1392±26b |
1.93 |
1635±204a |
2.12 |
1839±163c |
1.98 |
1902 |
1.95 |
10 |
3509±321a |
2.64 |
3205±294b |
2.41 |
3230±314b |
2.83 |
3960±122c |
2.56 |
4012 |
2.40 |
12 |
3921±332a |
2.97 |
3682±312ab |
2.83 |
3510±300b |
¡Ð |
4313±122c |
¡Ð |
4322 |
2.67 |
15 |
4481±324a |
3.50 |
4213±307b |
3.51 |
¡Ð |
¡Ð |
¡Ð |
¡Ð |
¡Ð |
¡@ |
abc
Means on the same line with the different subscript are significantly
different(P<0.05)
BW: Body weight; FE: Feed efficiency; Reference F:The standard values of BW and FE of
commercial ST14 on French brochure; FE*: FE measurted by mixing male and female.
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Table 12. The growth performances of body weight and feed efficiency from 0 to 12 weeks of
age in four lines female Muscovy and reference values
Age of Week |
L302 |
Farm A |
Farm B |
L304 |
Reference F |
BW |
FE |
BW |
FE |
BW |
FE |
BW |
FE |
BW |
FE* |
¡@ |
g |
¡@ |
g |
¡@ |
g |
¡@ |
g |
¡@ |
g |
¡@ |
0 |
51.2±5.5a |
¡Ð |
45.4±4.1b |
¡Ð |
49.3±7.3a |
¡Ð |
52.1±5.2a |
¡Ð |
¡Ð |
¡Ð |
3 |
490±80a |
1.93 |
456±86a |
1.95 |
531±108b |
1.71 |
547±68b |
1.93 |
¡@ |
¡Ð |
6 |
1265±137a |
2.34 |
1170±152b |
2.35 |
1197±182ab |
1.99 |
1349±125c |
2.10 |
¡@ |
¡Ð |
10 |
2279±195a |
2.51 |
2074±190b |
3.18 |
1958±208c |
3.14 |
2309±194a |
2.89 |
2387 |
2.40 |
12 |
2373±165a |
3.01 |
2203±222b |
3.60 |
¡Ð |
¡Ð |
¡Ð |
¡Ð |
¡Ð |
¡Ð |
abc
, BW, FE, Reference F, and FE* see Table 11.
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§õµÏºa¡BJ©É¯E¡B³¯»Ê¥¿¡C1993¡CÀu¨}¥Õ¦â¤gµfÀn¿Ë¥N¿ï¨|¡C¯b²£¬ã¨s26¡]2¡^¡G121¡ã129¡C
©P¥ú¦t¡B¶À·u·×¡C1970¡C¥xÆWªº¾iÀn¡C¤¤°ê¹A§ø´_¿³©eû·|¯bªª²Ä¤K¸¹¤â¥U¡C¥x¥_¡Cpp.4¡ã7¡C
J©É¯E¡B´¿»a©M¡B§õµÏºa¡B«¸©µ¦~¡B³¯®Ê»a¡BÀ¹¡@Á¾¡C1993¡C¤j«¬µfÀn¤§¿ï¨|¡]¢¹¡^°ò¦±Ú¸s¤§«Ø¥ß¡D¯b²£¬ã¨s26(4)¡G285¡ã295¡D
¶À¸U¶Ç¡C1992¡CºØ¥ÎµfÀn¤§µo®i¼ç¤O»P®i±æ¡C¥xÆW¹A·~28(4)¡G23¡ã31¡C
³Å¯ªÁ¸¡B½²¸g·½¡C1965¡C¿D¬wÀn¥Í²£©Ê¯àÆ[¹î¡C¥xÆW¬Ù¯b²£¸ÕÅç©Ò¦~³ø¡Cpp.16¡ã18¡C
À¹ Á¾¡B´¿»a©M¡B³¯»Ê¥¿¡B«¸©µ¦~¡B¶À·u·×¡C1987¡C¥»¬Ù¤£¦P«~¨t¥¿µfÀn¥Í²£©Ê¯à¤ñ¸û¡C¯b²£¬ã¨s20(1)¡G67¡ã72¡C
À¹ Á¾¡B¼B·ç¬Ã¡B¶À·u·×¡C1988¡CÀnºØ§ï¨}»P¿ï¨|¡C²Ä¤@©¡®a¯b¸V¿ò¶Ç¨|ºØ¬ã°Q·|±M¿è¡C¥x«n¡Cpp.166¡ã192¡C
¦w³¡³q¦¡C1936¡C»OÆWÇU¾iõ·~¡C»OÆW¤§¯b²£4(5)¡G237257¡C
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