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第三十八卷(2009)
44.天噸乳牛之有利繁殖基因篩選
吳明哲(1)、林德育(1)、張菊犁(1)、李素珍(1)、黃英豪(1)、白啟宏(2)、 陳榮泰(3)、丁進來(3)、王忠恕(4)
(1)農業委員會畜產試驗所 (2)晶宇生技公司 (3)中華民國乳業協會 (4)農業委員會畜牧處
天噸乳牛是指一頭泌乳牛在台灣濕熱氣候下，自開始測乳後的平均每一個泌乳期(305-2X-ME)就能夠生產牛奶超過10,000公斤以上的乳量，亦就是年產乳量有10公噸以上，10公噸的英文是Ten Tons，取其音取其義，我們稱這種乳牛為天噸乳牛(Ten Tons Cow)。本研究應用2001年1月至2009年10月間DHI資料庫www.angrin.tlri.gov.tw乳樣記錄，進行篩選。自2001年完檢的天噸乳牛頭數32頭(僅為該年28,381頭測乳牛之0.1%)，增加至2002年的103頭，至2003年的144頭，至2004年的248頭，至2005年的326頭(為該年37,820頭測乳牛之0.8%)，而從2006至2009年的頭數分別有327、326、552、1172頭，九年來，天噸乳牛頭數成長率達37倍(1172/32)。從2001至2009年完檢的天噸乳牛月齡平均分別為52、57、50、55、55、51、53、53、51月；飼養戶數逐年增加從25、50、66、88、93、87、90、93、116戶。再者，採取3,009頭泌乳牛乳樣DNA進行四種繁殖基因BLAD、CITL、CVM、DUMPS檢測，分別有2945、3007、2711、3007頭為正常型繁殖基因。在2009年的1172頭天噸乳牛，也檢測574頭，其中有CV雜合型的比率尚有15%之多，不利於夏季受孕。因此，天噸乳牛採乳量乳質兼顧的選拔方法外，也須應用基因選種技術來培育有利繁殖基因型台灣乳牛群。
關鍵語：乳牛、選育、基因
GENOMIC SELECTION ON FAVORABLE REPRODUCTIVE GENE OF TEN TONS COW
M. C. Wu(1), D. Y. Lin(1) , C. L. Chang(1), S. J. Lee(1), H. I. Huang(1), C. H. Bair(2) L. T. Chen(3), J. L. Ding(3) and C. S. Wang(4),
(1)Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan; (2)DR. Chip Biotechnology, Inc.; (3)Dairy Association of ROC; (4)Animal Industry Division, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
Ten Tons Cow is designated as milk yield of 305-2X-ME greater than 10,000 kg for hot and humid environment in Taiwan. For breeding scheme of dairy cattle, selection on milk yield and quality associated with reproductive performance is essential to the hot and humid weather. In 2001, there were 32 test-off Ten Tons Cow (0.1% to 28,381 cows for milk test), and then number of cows up to 103 head in 2002, 144 head in 2003, 248 head in 2004, 326 head (0.8% to 37,820 cows for milk test) in 2005, and there were 327, 326, 552, 1172 head from 2006 to 2009. An increment of 37 times (1172/32) for the number of ten tons cows for the past nine years. From 2001 to 2009, age of test-off Ten Tons Cow were 52, 57, 50, 55, 55, 51, 53, 53 and 51 months old, respectively; along with number of farms of 25, 50, 66, 88, 93, 87, 90, 93 and 116. In addition, a total of 3009 cows’ milk DNA was used to identify the genotype of four reproductive genes such as BLAD, CITL, CVM and DUMPS. There were 2945, 3007, 2711 and 3007 head with normal genotype of reproductive genes. In 2009, 574 of 1172 Ten tons cows were genotyped with 15% of animals having the CV genotype, which the CV genotype was unfavorable to conception of cows during summer season. Application of genomic selection combined with selection of milk yield and quality would be feasible to improve reproductive performance in Ten tons cows.
Key Words: Dairy cattle, Selection, Gene
  
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