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[克羅底亞斯] |
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第三十八卷(2009)
67.耐熱型台灣乳牛之培育
吳明哲(1)、賴永裕(1)、張菊犁(1)、李素珍(1)、陳志毅(1)、施意敏(1)、黃英豪(1)、陳榮泰(2)、丁進來(2)、王忠恕(3)
(1)行政院農業委員會畜產試驗所 (2)中華民國乳業協會 (3)行政院農業委員會畜牧處
適應濕熱環境的耐熱型台灣乳牛之育種策略上，是以夏季乳量、乳質及繁殖性狀兼顧的選拔為主，來培育乳牛熱帶品系。本研究應用2001年1月至2009年10月間DHI資料庫www.angrin.tlri.gov.tw乳樣記錄，進行篩選四至九月間(熱期)乳量乳質檢測六個月次的泌乳牛。進行耐熱型台灣乳牛選拔要項有四：(1)六月次之305-2X-ME乳量平均大於9,000Kg、(2)同期乳量育種價大於700Kg、(3)體細胞數平均低於10萬/mL、與(4)乳蛋白質率高於3.5%，再以乳蛋白質率高低排序並計算乳量乳質性狀選拔指數。符合選拔要項的耐熱型台灣乳牛頭數自2001至2009年，依序有8、10、24、19、26、30、39、51、44頭；其中乳量為10,000Kg以上的天噸(Ten tons)乳牛頭數則分別為0、1、7、11、9、9、22、33、26頭。在2001年選拔母牛的月齡平均為55月齡，而2009年選拔母牛的月齡平均為61月齡。這九年來，乳牛乳量增加至10,000Kg以上的比率提高外，也兼顧乳質及母牛在養月齡。因此，應用DHI資訊把熱期高乳量牛的蛋白質率及體細胞數等乳質性狀之乳量乳質兼顧的選拔方法，有利於耐熱型台灣乳牛群性能之改進。
關鍵語：乳牛、選育、乳質
SELECTION OF HEAT-TOLERANCE DAIRY COWS IN TAIWAN
M. C. Wu(1), Y. Y. Lai(1) , C. L. Chang(1), S. J. Lee(1), J. Y. Chen(1), E. M. Shy(1), H. I. Huang(1),
L. T. Chen(2), J. L. Ding(2) and C. S. Wang(3),
(1)Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan; (2)Dairy Association of ROC;
(3)Animal Industry Division, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
Breeding scheme of heat-tolerance dairy cattle, selection on milk yield and quality associated with reproductive performance is essential to the hot and humid weather. Data were used to select the heat-tolerance dairy cows from January of 2001 to October of 2009 based upon www.angrin.tlri.gov.tw. The milking cow must have six milk sampling test from April to September (hot period) and meet the four criteria as follows: (1) the average of six monthly milk yield of 305-2X-ME greater than 9,000Kg, (2) the breeding value of 305-2X-ME greater than 700Kg, (3) the average of somatic cell counts lower than 10,000/mL, and (4) the average of milk protein percentage greater than 3.5%. Cows were ranked by their milk protein percentage in highest and with the calculation of selection index based upon milk yield and quality. Number of cows met the selection criteria of heat-tolerance were 8, 10, 24, 19, 26, 30, 39, 51, 44 from 2001 to 2009, respectively. Number of heat-tolerance cows having a higher than 10,000Kg of milk yield were 0, 1, 7, 11, 9, 9, 22, 33, 26 from 2001 to 2009, respectively. In 2001, the age of selected cows averaged to 55 months of age but an average of 61 months of age in 2009. Selection on both milk yield and quality trait in those of heat-tolerance cows along with traits of age at milking, protein percentage and somatic cell counts would be feasible to establish a population of heat-adapted dairy cattle.
Key Words: Dairy cattle, Selection, Milk quality
  
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