第四十一卷(2012)
甘油抗凍劑對土雞冷凍精液性能之影響
林秀蓮、林德育、賴永裕、吳明哲
行政院農業委員會畜產試驗所
為保存動物遺傳資源，除可藉由擴大族群數目達成，保存生殖細胞亦為有效之方法。然而，母禽生殖細胞之保存有其先天限制，無法似哺乳類般取其卵母細胞或胚來進行種原保存，故目前僅能自雄禽取其精細胞凍存作為保種。製作冷凍精液之過程中，諸因素對解凍後精液之受精能力具密切關聯，如稀釋液種類、抗凍劑種類、保存方式、冷凍與解凍速率與解凍後對有害物質(如甘油)之移除等。目前普遍使用於家禽冷凍精液包括不同抗凍劑(甘油/DMA/DMSO)、保存方式(粒狀/安瓶/麥管)、降溫速率(快速/慢速)等方式。研究指出，甘油/慢速降溫/麥管或DMA/快速降溫/粒狀組合模式可獲得較高受精率，然而若是考量種原庫之生物安全性及身分辨識準確度，前者仍是較為理想之方法。故本試驗旨在探討甘油抗凍劑對土雞精子存活率、頭帽完整性、粒線體膜電位、鈣含量及DNA結構等影響以評估甘油對精子造成何種程度之傷害。
關鍵語：甘油抗凍劑、土雞、頭帽完整性
Effects of glycerolized cryoprotectant on CHICKEN Semen Cryopreservation
H. L. Lin, D. Y. Lin, Y. Y. Lai and M. C. Wu
Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taiwan
Animal genetic resources could be conserved by increasing populations; moreover, to preserve reproductive cells is an efficient method as well. However, due to the specific egg characteristics, oocyte or embryo cryopreservation is not appropriate for birds, so semen cryopreservation is still the most practical way to date. Many factors could affect the results of semen cryopreservation, such as the different types of cryoprotectants, packaging and cooling rates. Several studies showed that the highest fertility rates by artificial insemination (AI) obtained either with semen frozen using glycerol/straws/slowly cooling or dimethyl acetamide (DMA)/pellet/rapidly cooling methods. Nevertheless, considering about cryobanking, which demands high level of biosecurity and accurate identification, the former method is still the best way to preserve avian semen. Hence, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of glycerolized cryoprotectants on chicken spermatozoa viability, acrosome integrity, mitochondria activity, calcium level and DNA status of chicken semen to assess the damage of sperm caused by the glycerol element.
Key Words: Glycerolized cryoprotectants, Native chicken, Acrosome integrity
  
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