第五十卷(2021)
38. 自 2013 年至 2020 年台灣荷蘭牛群 Freemartin 之基因診斷結果
林德育(1) 曾淑貞(2) 陳若菁(1) 賴永裕(1) 謝佳容(1) 吳明哲(1)
(1)行政院農業委員會畜產試驗所 (2)中華醫事科技大學
雄相雌性體（freemartin）是一種其有雄性化行為與無功能卵巢之無生育能力的雌性哺乳動物。在異性雙胞胎（龍鳳胎）的女牛通常會發生生殖器發育不全且發育出雄性生殖構造的現象，導致成長後無繁殖能力。從遺傳學來看，該動物是嵌合體，其細胞樣本的核型（karyotype）顯示為 XX/XY 染色體。應用牛性別遺傳標記檢測自 2013 年至 2020年 23 家乳牛場送檢 50 個龍鳳胎的女牛血樣，檢測結果有 18%（9/50）的女牛為正常的XX 型染色體，有 82%（41/50）的女牛為異常的 XX/XY 型染色體。女牛是否為雄相雌性體困擾存在多時，尤其在產期調節的同期化發情技術使用下，會增加龍鳳胎的機率，酪農戶選留龍鳳胎的女牛是否為不育的雄相雌性體個體更形重要。行政院農業委員會畜產試驗所提供女牛雄相雌性體檢測平台，可檢測女牛是否為雄相雌性體，應用此基因診斷技術，可降低女牛育成費用與增加優質女牛選留率。
關鍵語：牛、雄相雌性體、基因診斷
The freemartin genetic diagnosis results of Holstein herds from 2013 to 2020 in Taiwan
D. Y. Lin(1), S. J. Tzeng(2), J. C. Chen(1), Y. Y. Lai(1), C. J. Hsieh(1) and M. C. Wu(1)
(1)Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture
(2)Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology
The freemartin is a sterile female mammal with masculinized behavior and non-functional ovaries. Heifer of heterosexual twins usually suffer from incomplete genital development, resulting infertility after growth. The freemartin is a mosaic, and the karyotype of its cell sample is shown as XX/XY chromosome. From 2013 to 2020, fifty heifer blood samples of heterosexual twins from 23 dairy farms were detected for genetic diagnosis by genetic markers. The results showed that 18% (9/50) of heifers had normal XX type chromosomes, and 82% (41/50) of the heifers had abnormal XX/XY type chromosomes. Using the synchronizing estrus technology for reproductive regulation will increase the chance of heterosexual twins. Whether the heifers selected by dairy farmers are sterile freemartin is more and more important. Livestock Research Institute of COA provides a freemartin detection platform, which can detect whether a heifer is a freemartin. The application of the genetic diagnosis technology can reduce the cost of dairy cattle breeding and increase the retention rate of high-quality heifers.
Key Words: Cattle, Freemartin, Genetic diagnosis
  
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