為維持選育族群40週齡體重與蛋重恆定及52週齡產蛋數增加最多,Cheng et al.(1996)報告自第一代至第五代共收集有公鴨2093隻,母鴨3482隻進行統計分析與遺傳反應評估。族群選拔過程中,40週齡蛋重、40週齡體重、52週齡產蛋數、30週齡蛋殼強度及40週齡蛋殼強度之平均每代選拔差如表11。經五代選育結果使用Cheng et al.(1995)估計之遺傳參數(如表10),預估選拔品系之40週齡蛋重、40週齡體重、52週齡產蛋數、30週齡蛋殼強度及40週齡蛋殼強度的平均每代遺傳反應分別為+0.177g、+8.029g、0.935枚、0.017及0.014 kg/cm2(表12)。
從第一代至第五代之分析結果顯示,依據表型值、採限定指數與獨立淘汰法,有效改善52週齡產蛋數與40週齡蛋殼強度,但蛋重與體重改進量偏高,為增加選拔效益與正確性,Cheng et al. (1996)報告中建議採取動物模式估算遺傳值,並採用限定遺傳選拔指數法。
表十.使用選拔資料估計之遺傳參數
Trait | | EW40 | | BW40 | | NEGG52 | | ES30 | | ES40 |
EW40 | | 0.329 | | 0.424 | | 0.060 | | 0.173 | | 0.132 |
| | 0.210 | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
BW40 | | 0.617 | | 0.499 | | 0.063 | | 0.118 | | 0.064 |
| | 0.433 | | 0.378 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
NEGG52 | | -0.323 | | 0.006 | | 0.118 | | -0.046 | | -0.043 |
| | -0.401 | | 0.529 | | 0.157 | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
ES30 | | 0.583 | | 0.472 | | -0.194 | | 0.017 | | 0.291 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
ES40 | | 0.483 | | 0.231 | | -0.203 | | 0.845 | | 0.094 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Phenotypicvariances | | 25.567 | | 17190.265 | | 821.550 | | 0.320 | | 0.506 |
Genetic parameters estimated by Cheng et al (1995), first line, and used in Tai et al (1994), second line.
EW40: egg weight as 40 weeks of age in grams; BW40: body weight at 40 weeks of age in grams; NEGG52: number of eggs laid up to 52 weeks of age; ES30, ES40: eggshell strength at 30, 40 weeks of age in kg/cm2; phenotypic correlations: above the diagonal; genetic correlations: below the diagonal; heritabilities in the diagonal. (Cheng et al, 1996)
表十一.選育品系一至五代40週齡蛋重、體重、52週齡產蛋數、30週齡蛋殼強度及40週齡蛋殼強度之平均體表型值及選拔差
Generations | | EW40(g) | | BW40(g) | | NEGG52(eggs) | | ES40(kg/cm2) |
G1 | | | | | | | | |
(S) | | 69.3 | | 1377 | | 222.9 | | - |
(I) | | 67.8 | | 1407 | | 208.6 | | |
Selectiondifferential | | +1.5 | | -30 | | +14.3 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
G2 | | | | | | | | |
(S) | | 68.5 | | 1340 | | 231.6 | | |
(I) | | 67.4 | | 1327 | | 220.9 | | |
Selectiondifferential | | +1.1 | | +13 | | +10.7 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
G3 | | | | | | | | |
(S) | | 70.9 | | 1418 | | 219.3 | | 3.9 |
(I) | | 68.2 | | 1384 | | 206.6 | | 3.6 |
Selectiondifferential | | +2.7 | | +34 | | +12.7 | | +0.3 |
| | | | | | | | |
G4 | | | | | | | | |
(S) | | 68.8 | | 1414 | | 224.7 | | 3.8 |
(I) | | 67.5 | | 1392 | | 204.5 | | |
Selectiondifferential | | +1.3 | | +22 | | +20.2 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
G5 | | | | | | | | |
(S) | | 69.9 | | 1482 | | 217.3 | | 4.0 |
(I) | | 68.8 | | 1466 | | 198.8 | | |
Selectiondifferential | | +1.1 | | +16 | | +18.5 | | |
EW40, BW40, NEGG52, ES30 and ES40: see table 7. (S): value of selected individuals;(I): value of individual candidates. (Cheng et al, 1996)
表十二.依多性狀BLUP 動物模式預測之母鴨平均遺傳改進量
Trait | | | | Average genetic response pergeneration | | pergeneration |
| | | | | | |
| | In actual units | | Percentage of the mean | | Percentage of the genetic |
| | | | | | Standard deviation |
EW40(g) | | +0.177±0.001 | | 0.26 | | 6.1 |
BW40(g) | | +8.029±0.095 | | 0.58 | | 8.6 |
NEGG52(eggs) | | +0.935±0.003 | | 0.45 | | 9.4 |
ES30(kg/cm2) | | +0.017±0.003 | | 0.45 | | 9.3 |
ES40(kg/cm2) | | +0.014±0.0015 | | 0.39 | | 6.3 |
EW40, BW40, NEGG52, ES30 and ES40: see table 8. (Cheng et al, 1996)
因此自1997年開始,依Cheng et al.(1995)發表之遺傳參數重新估算第七代至第十一代遺傳值,並以SAS計算遺傳值之變方與共變方,在設定條件下(40週齡體重及40週齡蛋重固定,40週齡蛋殼強度每代改進0.013kg/cm2,而產蛋數改進最大)求出選拔指數的最佳加權係數後,依據其選拔指數選留高指數公、母鴨。Chen et al. (2003) 報告自第七代至第十一代(表13及14中之G0至G4)共收集有公鴨998隻,母鴨2475隻進行統計分析與遺傳反應評估,四代族群選拔過程中,40週齡蛋重、40週齡體重、52週齡產蛋數、40週齡蛋殼強度之平均每代選拔差如表13。使用限定遺傳指數,經五代選育結果估計遺傳參數,估計選拔品系平均每代之40週齡蛋重、40週齡體重、52週齡產蛋數、40週齡蛋殼強度的平均每代遺傳反應分別為+0.05g、+0.92g、2.13枚、0.035 kg/cm2(如表14)。
本選拔品系依四選拔性狀權重所組成之選拔指數,經十一代選拔後,母鴨之40週齡蛋重、40週齡體重、52週齡產蛋數、40週齡蛋殼強度之預估累加性遺傳值分別達0.150g、19.9g、13.2枚、0.14 kg/cm2 (Chen et al., 2003),選拔結果顯示選拔品系40週齡蛋重及40週齡體重變異不大(比較列於表14),而52週齡產蛋數有逐代改進之趨勢(0.216個遺傳標準偏差),且40週齡蛋殼強度亦有增強(0. 16個遺傳標準偏差)。此選拔品系可作為純系育種與推廣商業生產,亦可作為本分所另外選育之青殼蛋、高蛋殼強度品系推廣生產之母系,或作為探討飼料效率(選育或遺傳參數)之試驗材料與基因轉殖生產醫藥用產品之禽群。
表十三.選育品系七至十一代40週齡蛋重、體重、40週齡蛋殼強度及52週齡產蛋數之平均體表型值及選拔差
items | generations | Phenotypic value of
individuals | phenotypic value of
selected individuals | selection differential on
phenotypic values | selection differential on
breeding values |
EW40 | G0 | 66.4±4.4(n=773) | 66.5±4.1(n=150) | +0.1 | -0.066 |
(g) | G1 | 63.2±4.1(n=542) | 63.3±4.1(n=156) | +0.1 | +0.087 |
| G2 | 66.1±4.2(n=531) | 67.0±4.3(n=45) | +0.9 | +0.007 |
| G3 | 68.7±4.0(n=193) | 69.7±3.4(n=54) | +1.0 | +0.117 |
| G4 | 67.1±4.5(n=299) | 68.8±4.6(n=60) | +1.7 | +0.360 |
BW40 | G0 | 1349±132(n=828) | 1378±130(n=150) | +29 | +13.40 |
(g) | G1 | 1415±104(n=582) | 1429±102(n=156) | +14 | +5.54 |
| G2 | 1360±110(n=552) | 1330±95(n=45) | -30 | -12.29 |
| G3 | 1382±122(n=193) | 1349±97(n=54) | -33 | -8.37 |
| G4 | 1354±136(n=300) | 1384±142(n=60) | +30 | +10.22 |
ES40 | G0 | 4.72±0.88(n=758) | 5.09±0.87(n=150) | +0.37 | +0.032 |
(kg/cm²) | G1 | 5.22±0.86(n=542) | 5.48±0.69(n=156) | +0.26 | +0.024 |
| G2 | 5.54±0.84(n=529) | 5.98±0.68(n=45) | +0.44 | +0.046 |
| G3 | 5.26±0.74(n=193) | 5.37±0.71(n=54) | +0.11 | +0.046 |
| G4 | 5.30±0.81(n=298) | 5.43±0.71(n=60) | +0.13 | +0.016 |
EN52 | G0 | 219.3±27.2(n=790) | 229.7±14.1(n=150) | +10.4 | +3.63 |
(eggs) | G1 | 207.4±29.0(n=549) | 224.1±14.9(n=156) | +16.7 | +2.68 |
| G2 | 211.2±35.1(n=546) | 223.4±28.6(n=45) | +12.2 | +2.71 |
| G3 | 211.1±23.7(n=193) | 224.1±11.2(n=54) | +13.0 | +1.62 |
| G4 | 216.8±29.8(n=299) | 234.3±9.1(n=60) | +17.5 | +3.87 |
EW40: egg weight as 40 weeks of age in grams; BW40: body weight at 40 weeks of age in grams; EN52: number of eggs laid up to 52 weeks of age; ES40: eggshell strength at 40 weeks of age in kg/cm2
phenotypic value : means±sd, n=number of measured female ducks. (Chen et al, 2003)
表十四.依多性狀BLUP 動物模式預測之母鴨平均遺傳改進量(七至十一代)
Items | | | average predicted | | additive genetic values | | | | Female ducks | | |
| | |
Male | |
Female | | average genetic response
/generation | | average responseper | | genetic
generation |
| | | | | | | | | % of the means of phenotypic value | | % of the genetic standard deviation |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
EW40 | G0 | | -0.225±1.287 | | -0.067±1.753 | | | | | | |
(g) | G1 | | -0.163±1.255 | | 0.080±1.512 | | | | | | |
| G2 | | 0.060±1.188 | | 0.231±1.567 | | +0.05 | | 0.07% | | 1.7% |
| G3 | | 0.281±1.190 | | 0.334±1.348 | | | | | | |
| G4 | | 0.495±1.378 | | 0.150±1.632 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
BW40 | G0 | | 15.728±34.685 | | 16.287±63.946 | | | | | | |
(g) | G1 | | 25.007±35.263 | | 33.026±47.321 | | | | | | |
| G2 | | 40.023±33.334 | | 41.630±48.215 | | +0.92 | | 0.06% | | 0.99% |
| G3 | | 35.262±43.023 | | 38.041±45.172 | | | | | | |
| G4 | | 40.167±52.325 | | 19.947±60.389 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
ES40 | G0 | | -0.0091±0.0904 | | 0.0027±0.1104 | | | | | | |
(kg/cm²) | G1 | | 0.0254±0.0906 | | 0.0366±0.0997 | | | | | | |
| G2 | | 0.0422±0.0975 | | 0.0477±0.1090 | | +0.035 | | 0.67% | | 16.1% |
| G3 | | 0.1179±0.1027 | | 0.1216±0.1091 | | | | | | |
| G4 | | 0.1385±0.1063 | | 0.1432±0.1172 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
EN52 | G0 | | 5.261±3.987 | | 4.730±4.553 | | | | | | |
(eggs) | G1 | | 7.316±3.821 | | 7.296±4.359 | | | | | | |
| G2 | | 9.841±3.484 | | 9.476±4.670 | | +2.13 | | 1.0% | | 21.6% |
| G3 | | 12.192±3.411 | | 12.061±4.238 | | | | | | |
| G4 | | 13.106±3.393 | | 13.239±4.264 | | | | | | |
EW40, BW40, ES40 and EN52: same the Table 11. (Chen et al, 2003)